EDF6225 final Exam Questions and
Answers (Verified Answers) ||ACTUAL
EXAM TEST!! Graded A+ | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE
study all behavior, including private events, such as
thoughts/feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the
history of the person and species. - ANSWER//Radical
Behaviorism A philosophical position that views behavioral
events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the
realm of science. - ANSWER//methodological behaviorism
- skinner describes some of his most important research in
____ - describes experiments that demonstrated orderly
and reliable relationships between behavior and the
environment - ANSWER//The Behavior of Organisms -
Improving the socially significant behaviors of people's
lives - Bear et al (1968) : applied research is constrained
to examining behaviors which are socially important
(socially significant) rather than convenient for study -
ANSWER//Applied dimension of ABA behaviors that are
observable and measurable - ANSWER//Behavioral
dimension of ABA defines how we arrive to our decision
as to whether or not behavior change occurred as we
predicted - ANSWER//Analytic dimension of ABA Defines
procedures clearly and in detail so they are replicable -
ANSWER//technological dimension of ABA rely on
behavioral procedures derived from the research, not just
random attempts to change behavior -
ANSWER//Conceptually Systematic Dimension of ABA
shows that the behavior we selected was objectively
measures and it demonstrated a reliable change -
ANSWER//Effective (Dimension of ABA) - golden standard
of ABA procedures - when an intervention not only
changes behavior in one setting with on person, but
,maintains across other settings/people -
ANSWER//Generality (Dimension of ABA) when a
stimulus is added and future frequencies of behavior
maintain or increase - ANSWER//positive reinforcement
when stimulus is added and future frequencies of behavior
decrease - ANSWER//positive punishment when stimulus
is removed and future frequencies of behavior maintain or
increase - ANSWER//negative reinforcement when
stimulus is removed and future frequencies of behavior
decrease - ANSWER//negative punishment a functional
theory - ANSWER//Reinforcement Theory means all of its
components are defined by their function (how they work)
- ANSWER//functional theories means all of its
components are defined by their structure (how they look)
- ANSWER//structural theories - a functional relation
defined by a two-term contingency - first, a response is
followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus -
then, as a result, a similar response occurs more
frequently in the future - ANSWER//positive reinforcement
any stimulus change or event that functions to increase
the likelihood of the behavior that led to it -
ANSWER//reinforcer diminishes the intended effects of a
stimulus because it allows for another, unintended
stimulus to happen prior to the intended stimulus -
ANSWER//delay of reinforcement changes the function of
antecedent stimulus - ANSWER//Reinforcement - a
stimulus that elicits a response after association with
reinforcement - only signals the availability of a reinforcer /
not the effectiveness of the reinforcer - refrigerator is
always there, it does not make you hungry, it only
represents the availability of the reinforcement of food -
ANSWER//discriminative stimulus (Sd) - increases (EO) or
decreases (AO) the current effectiveness of a reinforcer -
does not signal the availability of a reinforcer -
preference/adverseness of skittles - ANSWER//Motivating
Operation (MO) the refrigerator may typically signal the
availability of food and food could be considered a
,_________ if you are hungry - ANSWER//reinforcer - A
motivating operation that establishes (increases) the
effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a
reinforcer - food deprivation establishes food as an
effective reinforcer - your hunger is not contingent of the
availability of the refrigerator (you can be hungry in the
absence of a fridge) in this instance your hunger is an
_____________ - ANSWER//Establishing Operation (EO)
- stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior
learning - its effect is due to phylogenic provenance (all
members of species are susceptible to the same
properties of stimuli) - food, shelter, water, warmth -
ANSWER//Unconditioned Reinforcer - a previously neutral
stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its
association with a primary reinforcer - also known as a
secondary reinforcer - ANSWER//conditioned reinforcer a
conditioned reinforcer that has a result of having been
paired with many unconditioned and conditioned
reinforcers does not depended on a current EO for any
particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness -
ANSWER//Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer as Skinner
(1989) pointed out, the powerful reinforcer "does not need
to be contrived for instructional purposes; it is unrelated to
any particular kind of behavior and hence always available
- ANSWER//contrived reinforcers when responding
terminated an ongoing aversive stimulus -
ANSWER//escape contingency when responding delays
or prevents the presentation of an aversive stimulus -
ANSWER//avoidance contingency responding in the
presence of a signal prevents stimulus presentation -
ANSWER//discredited avoidance Responding at any time
prevents stimulus presentation - ANSWER//free-operant
avoidance removal and reduction of ongoing stimulation
typically produce behavior called ___________ behavior -
ANSWER//escape postponement and prevention of
stimulus presentation produce ________ behavior -
ANSWER//avoidance as an intervention may actually
, backfire and shape more dangerous behaviors -
ANSWER//escape extinction positively reinforced behavior
may compete with, but will not suppress _________
responding that is reinforced concurrently -
ANSWER//avoidance/escape according to Iwatta
_________________________ might be considered more
intrusive than punishment because, with negative
reinforcement, presentation of the aversive stimulus in
contingent on the absence, rather than the occurrence, of
behavior - ANSWER//negative reinforcement punishment
has occurred when a stimulus change immediately follows
a response and ________ the future frequency of
behavior in similar conditions - ANSWER//decreases
punishment is defined neither by the actions of the person
delivering the consequences not by the nature of those
consequences. A decrease in the future frequency of
occurrence of the behavior much be observed before
consequent-based intervention qualifies as __________ -
ANSWER//punishment the removal of a stimulus to
decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring -
ANSWER//negative punishment the administration of a
stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's
recurring - ANSWER//positive punishment - associated
with both positive punishment and negative reinforcement
- used to describe interventions involving either or both of
these contingencies - ANSWER//aversive control acquired
its punishing properties capabilities by being paired with
unconditioned or conditioned punishers -
ANSWER//conditioned punisher a stimulus change that
immediately follows the occurrence of a behavior and
reduces the future frequency of that type of behavior -
ANSWER//punisher Dr. Murry Sidman summarized many
times that we consider virtue to be its own ________ . He
also indicated that it is a myth to believe that punishment
does not teach anything because it effectively teaches
avoidance and __________ . - ANSWER//reward ; escape
punishment much be paired with ________ -
Answers (Verified Answers) ||ACTUAL
EXAM TEST!! Graded A+ | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE
study all behavior, including private events, such as
thoughts/feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the
history of the person and species. - ANSWER//Radical
Behaviorism A philosophical position that views behavioral
events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the
realm of science. - ANSWER//methodological behaviorism
- skinner describes some of his most important research in
____ - describes experiments that demonstrated orderly
and reliable relationships between behavior and the
environment - ANSWER//The Behavior of Organisms -
Improving the socially significant behaviors of people's
lives - Bear et al (1968) : applied research is constrained
to examining behaviors which are socially important
(socially significant) rather than convenient for study -
ANSWER//Applied dimension of ABA behaviors that are
observable and measurable - ANSWER//Behavioral
dimension of ABA defines how we arrive to our decision
as to whether or not behavior change occurred as we
predicted - ANSWER//Analytic dimension of ABA Defines
procedures clearly and in detail so they are replicable -
ANSWER//technological dimension of ABA rely on
behavioral procedures derived from the research, not just
random attempts to change behavior -
ANSWER//Conceptually Systematic Dimension of ABA
shows that the behavior we selected was objectively
measures and it demonstrated a reliable change -
ANSWER//Effective (Dimension of ABA) - golden standard
of ABA procedures - when an intervention not only
changes behavior in one setting with on person, but
,maintains across other settings/people -
ANSWER//Generality (Dimension of ABA) when a
stimulus is added and future frequencies of behavior
maintain or increase - ANSWER//positive reinforcement
when stimulus is added and future frequencies of behavior
decrease - ANSWER//positive punishment when stimulus
is removed and future frequencies of behavior maintain or
increase - ANSWER//negative reinforcement when
stimulus is removed and future frequencies of behavior
decrease - ANSWER//negative punishment a functional
theory - ANSWER//Reinforcement Theory means all of its
components are defined by their function (how they work)
- ANSWER//functional theories means all of its
components are defined by their structure (how they look)
- ANSWER//structural theories - a functional relation
defined by a two-term contingency - first, a response is
followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus -
then, as a result, a similar response occurs more
frequently in the future - ANSWER//positive reinforcement
any stimulus change or event that functions to increase
the likelihood of the behavior that led to it -
ANSWER//reinforcer diminishes the intended effects of a
stimulus because it allows for another, unintended
stimulus to happen prior to the intended stimulus -
ANSWER//delay of reinforcement changes the function of
antecedent stimulus - ANSWER//Reinforcement - a
stimulus that elicits a response after association with
reinforcement - only signals the availability of a reinforcer /
not the effectiveness of the reinforcer - refrigerator is
always there, it does not make you hungry, it only
represents the availability of the reinforcement of food -
ANSWER//discriminative stimulus (Sd) - increases (EO) or
decreases (AO) the current effectiveness of a reinforcer -
does not signal the availability of a reinforcer -
preference/adverseness of skittles - ANSWER//Motivating
Operation (MO) the refrigerator may typically signal the
availability of food and food could be considered a
,_________ if you are hungry - ANSWER//reinforcer - A
motivating operation that establishes (increases) the
effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a
reinforcer - food deprivation establishes food as an
effective reinforcer - your hunger is not contingent of the
availability of the refrigerator (you can be hungry in the
absence of a fridge) in this instance your hunger is an
_____________ - ANSWER//Establishing Operation (EO)
- stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior
learning - its effect is due to phylogenic provenance (all
members of species are susceptible to the same
properties of stimuli) - food, shelter, water, warmth -
ANSWER//Unconditioned Reinforcer - a previously neutral
stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its
association with a primary reinforcer - also known as a
secondary reinforcer - ANSWER//conditioned reinforcer a
conditioned reinforcer that has a result of having been
paired with many unconditioned and conditioned
reinforcers does not depended on a current EO for any
particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness -
ANSWER//Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer as Skinner
(1989) pointed out, the powerful reinforcer "does not need
to be contrived for instructional purposes; it is unrelated to
any particular kind of behavior and hence always available
- ANSWER//contrived reinforcers when responding
terminated an ongoing aversive stimulus -
ANSWER//escape contingency when responding delays
or prevents the presentation of an aversive stimulus -
ANSWER//avoidance contingency responding in the
presence of a signal prevents stimulus presentation -
ANSWER//discredited avoidance Responding at any time
prevents stimulus presentation - ANSWER//free-operant
avoidance removal and reduction of ongoing stimulation
typically produce behavior called ___________ behavior -
ANSWER//escape postponement and prevention of
stimulus presentation produce ________ behavior -
ANSWER//avoidance as an intervention may actually
, backfire and shape more dangerous behaviors -
ANSWER//escape extinction positively reinforced behavior
may compete with, but will not suppress _________
responding that is reinforced concurrently -
ANSWER//avoidance/escape according to Iwatta
_________________________ might be considered more
intrusive than punishment because, with negative
reinforcement, presentation of the aversive stimulus in
contingent on the absence, rather than the occurrence, of
behavior - ANSWER//negative reinforcement punishment
has occurred when a stimulus change immediately follows
a response and ________ the future frequency of
behavior in similar conditions - ANSWER//decreases
punishment is defined neither by the actions of the person
delivering the consequences not by the nature of those
consequences. A decrease in the future frequency of
occurrence of the behavior much be observed before
consequent-based intervention qualifies as __________ -
ANSWER//punishment the removal of a stimulus to
decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring -
ANSWER//negative punishment the administration of a
stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's
recurring - ANSWER//positive punishment - associated
with both positive punishment and negative reinforcement
- used to describe interventions involving either or both of
these contingencies - ANSWER//aversive control acquired
its punishing properties capabilities by being paired with
unconditioned or conditioned punishers -
ANSWER//conditioned punisher a stimulus change that
immediately follows the occurrence of a behavior and
reduces the future frequency of that type of behavior -
ANSWER//punisher Dr. Murry Sidman summarized many
times that we consider virtue to be its own ________ . He
also indicated that it is a myth to believe that punishment
does not teach anything because it effectively teaches
avoidance and __________ . - ANSWER//reward ; escape
punishment much be paired with ________ -
