NU 610 Module 1 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
diagnostic process - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--process of collecting data and
| | | | | | | | |
generating a working hypothesis for cause of patient's signs and symptoms
| | | | | | | | | | |
(subjective and objective data)
| | |
-begins with history taking (CC & HPI)
| | | | | |
-develop a differential diagnosis based on the history
| | | | | | |
-systematically rule out differentials | | |
-diagnostic studies to confirm or rule out suspicions
| | | | | | |
subjective data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-what the pt tells you
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chief complaint - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-what the pt came in for
| | | | | | | | |
-very brief, may use quotations when documenting
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history of present illness (HPI) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--history leading up to the
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complaint and circumstances of the complaint; be detailed!
| | | | | | |
-OLD CART(S) (Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating factors, Relieving
| | | | | | | | |
factors, Treatment, Severity)
| |
subjective data continued - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Past medical history (PMH)
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-Past surgical history (PSH)
| | |
-Health Maintenance
|
,-Medication list |
-Allergies
-Family History |
-Social History |
review of systems - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--organized by body systems, pertinent
| | | | | | | | | |
positives and negatives | |
-ex) general: (-)fever, (+) weight gain, (-) fatigue, (+) increased appetite
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objective data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--what the provider observes
| | | | | | |
-what is seen, felt, heard, smelled, NOT the pt's POV
| | | | | | | | |
-vital signs, including weight, height, BMI
| | | | |
-physical examination (depends on pt complaint)
| | | | |
-pediatrics: requires patience and distraction, sitting in parent's lap can be
| | | | | | | | | | |
helpful, examine the area most upsetting last
| | | | | |
objective data continued - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--lab, x-ray, scans, spirometry,
| | | | | | | | |
etc. |
-consider which test is best: cost, convenience, sensitivity/specificity
| | | | | | |
-Do you need a test? Will it make a difference in tx? What is the risk of missing
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the diagnosis?
|
differential diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--consider all the possible diagnoses
| | | | | | | |
for the symptom
| | |
, -frame the differential diagnoses (can use the ones that make the most sense for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that complaint)
|
-look at the evidence you have collected in order to rule out possible diagnoses
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
-explore each differential (use exam to find evidence: pos findings may be more
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
indicative of the diagnosis bc of greater specificity; neg findings may be less
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
indicative but are still important and contributes evidence for ruling out a
| | | | | | | | | | | |
differential, also evidence that it WAS evaluated and considered)
| | | | | | | |
differential diagnosis framework - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--anatomic framework
| | | | | | |
(works well for chest pain, abd. pain)
| | | | | |
-organ/system framework (works well for broad symptoms like fatigue)
| | | | | | | |
-pivotal points (opposing descriptor of symptoms, "old vs. new", "bilateral vs.
| | | | | | | | | | |
unilateral", "acute vs. chronic") | | |
limiting differentials - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--after you organize the differentials,
| | | | | | | | |
work through the history and exam, eliminate possibilities to narrow the list
| | | | | | | | | | |
-each pt is individual, making some diseases irrelevant as a possibility (ex.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
appendicitis in a pt who had an appendectomy) | | | | | | |
ranking differentials - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-This is done to consider which are
| | | | | | | | | | |
more likely and/or more serious.
| | | |
-If no differential is serious, consider which is more responsive to tx
| | | | | | | | | | |
-Can consider all these rankings together
| | | | |
-Occasionally may have to consider all known causes and test: NOT the best
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
approach
-Test if needed then re-rank differentials: lab, radiology, etc., may not be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
necessary, may re-rank based on results for a final diagnosis
| | | | | | | | |
Correct Answers
diagnostic process - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--process of collecting data and
| | | | | | | | |
generating a working hypothesis for cause of patient's signs and symptoms
| | | | | | | | | | |
(subjective and objective data)
| | |
-begins with history taking (CC & HPI)
| | | | | |
-develop a differential diagnosis based on the history
| | | | | | |
-systematically rule out differentials | | |
-diagnostic studies to confirm or rule out suspicions
| | | | | | |
subjective data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-what the pt tells you
| | | | | | | |
chief complaint - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-what the pt came in for
| | | | | | | | |
-very brief, may use quotations when documenting
| | | | | |
history of present illness (HPI) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--history leading up to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
complaint and circumstances of the complaint; be detailed!
| | | | | | |
-OLD CART(S) (Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating factors, Relieving
| | | | | | | | |
factors, Treatment, Severity)
| |
subjective data continued - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Past medical history (PMH)
| | | | | | | |
-Past surgical history (PSH)
| | |
-Health Maintenance
|
,-Medication list |
-Allergies
-Family History |
-Social History |
review of systems - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--organized by body systems, pertinent
| | | | | | | | | |
positives and negatives | |
-ex) general: (-)fever, (+) weight gain, (-) fatigue, (+) increased appetite
| | | | | | | | | |
objective data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--what the provider observes
| | | | | | |
-what is seen, felt, heard, smelled, NOT the pt's POV
| | | | | | | | |
-vital signs, including weight, height, BMI
| | | | |
-physical examination (depends on pt complaint)
| | | | |
-pediatrics: requires patience and distraction, sitting in parent's lap can be
| | | | | | | | | | |
helpful, examine the area most upsetting last
| | | | | |
objective data continued - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--lab, x-ray, scans, spirometry,
| | | | | | | | |
etc. |
-consider which test is best: cost, convenience, sensitivity/specificity
| | | | | | |
-Do you need a test? Will it make a difference in tx? What is the risk of missing
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the diagnosis?
|
differential diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--consider all the possible diagnoses
| | | | | | | |
for the symptom
| | |
, -frame the differential diagnoses (can use the ones that make the most sense for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that complaint)
|
-look at the evidence you have collected in order to rule out possible diagnoses
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
-explore each differential (use exam to find evidence: pos findings may be more
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
indicative of the diagnosis bc of greater specificity; neg findings may be less
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
indicative but are still important and contributes evidence for ruling out a
| | | | | | | | | | | |
differential, also evidence that it WAS evaluated and considered)
| | | | | | | |
differential diagnosis framework - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--anatomic framework
| | | | | | |
(works well for chest pain, abd. pain)
| | | | | |
-organ/system framework (works well for broad symptoms like fatigue)
| | | | | | | |
-pivotal points (opposing descriptor of symptoms, "old vs. new", "bilateral vs.
| | | | | | | | | | |
unilateral", "acute vs. chronic") | | |
limiting differentials - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--after you organize the differentials,
| | | | | | | | |
work through the history and exam, eliminate possibilities to narrow the list
| | | | | | | | | | |
-each pt is individual, making some diseases irrelevant as a possibility (ex.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
appendicitis in a pt who had an appendectomy) | | | | | | |
ranking differentials - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-This is done to consider which are
| | | | | | | | | | |
more likely and/or more serious.
| | | |
-If no differential is serious, consider which is more responsive to tx
| | | | | | | | | | |
-Can consider all these rankings together
| | | | |
-Occasionally may have to consider all known causes and test: NOT the best
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
approach
-Test if needed then re-rank differentials: lab, radiology, etc., may not be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
necessary, may re-rank based on results for a final diagnosis
| | | | | | | | |
