OKLAHOMA READING TEST-
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Alphabetic Principle - ANS The concept that letters and letter combinations are used to
represent phonemes in orthography (written language)
Phonological Awareness - ANS Ability to separate sentences into words and words into
syllables; awareness of any size unit of sound (word, rime, syllables, onset, phoneme); Is the
general appreciation of how language can be divided into components.
Phonemic Awareness - ANS Ability to recognize that words are made up of a discrete set of
sounds and to manipulate sounds
Phonics - ANS is a method of teaching that maps phonemes (sound) to graphemes (letters)
Self-Monitoring - ANS is when readers are aware of their own mistakes
Metacognition - ANS thinking about one's own thinking. *We should model our own thinking
always!*
Vocabulary - ANS (Next few terms)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Shared Reading - ANS an interactive reading experience that occurs when students join in or
share the reading of a book or other text while guided and supported by a teacher. The teacher
explicitly models the skills of proficient readers, including reading with fluency and expression.
Guided Reading - ANS An instructional approach that involves a teacher working with a small
group of readers. During the lesson, the teacher provides a text that students can read with
support, coaching the learners as they use problem-solving strategies to read the text.
Independent Reading - ANS Children's reading of text-such as books, magazines, and
newspapers, on their own, with minimal to no assistance from adults. It can consist of reading
done in or out of school, including purely voluntary reading for enjoyment or assigned reading
for homework.
Reading Levels - ANS Independent Level-Relatively easy for the student to read (95% word
accuracy). The highest level you would ask a child to read with only a small amount of
assistance.
Instructional level-Challenging but manageable for the reader (90% word accuracy). The highest
level at which a reader is not independent, but has adequate background knowledge for a topic,
and can access text quickly and with no or few errors.
Frustrational Level-Difficult text for the student to read (less than 90% word accuracy).
Fluency: three components - ANS Reading Rate-Need to be able to adjust your speed based
on the difficulty and content of the text. NOT about race reading.
Accuracy-We aim for 95% accuracy. We want readers to build automaticity so they are able to
devote mental energy to meaning, NOT decoding. Ex: Word Walls, Flashcards
Prosody-How you say the words, reading with expression! The ability to phrase text, use
punctuation and read with intonation.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Practices/strategies for fostering fluency - ANS Reader's theatre, recorded books, modeled
fluent reading, repeated reading, Big Books (shared reading, reading books at an independent
level)
Phoneme - ANS Phonemes are individual sounds perceived by speakers of an oral language;
smallest unit of speech. Ex: bad has 3 phonemes, good also has 3.
Grapheme - ANS written representations of phonemes. Ex. d o g
Morpheme - ANS Smallest unit of meaning in a word. Ex: book has 1 morpheme; rebooking
has 3 morphemes (re is 1; book is 1; and ing is 1); books has 2 morphemes (book is 1; and s is 1).
Syllable: Know six types of syllables - ANS CVCe (vowel + silent e): Have a single vowel with
silent e at the end (ex: racer, cake, flute, stove, late, ninety)
Open: ends with a vowel (ex: paper, staple, robot, tiger, focus, total, rival, bible, motor)
Closed: ends with a consonant (ex: mittens, common, butter, chicken, bubble, napkin)
R-Controlled: A r follows the vowel(s) and makes the sound say "r" Ex. target, carrot, turnip,
orbit, shorten.
Vowel Team: vowels act as a team to create 1 or 2 sounds (ex: oatmeal, rainbow, cowboy,
beatle, roadwork, boat)
Consonant + le: Words have consonant followed by -le (ex: hurdle, circle, wiggle, bottle, cattle)
Long and Short Vowel Sounds - ANS (a, e, i, o, u, and somes y and w (ex: low, slow, cowboy);
isn't blocked by anything; always voiced sounds
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -Long vowels say their name: Ex: Acorn, Bee, Ice Cream, Ocean, Unicorn, Feast
Short: Don't say their name, say their sound. Ex: Apple, Egg, Igloo, Octopus, Umbrella, Bread
Schwa - ANS A vowel sound in English that often occurs in an unstressed syllable, such as the
/uh/ sound in the first syllable of the word above.
Blend - ANS 2-3 consonants that are used together to form a sound in which each consonant
can individually be heard (ex: bl in bleed, st in thirsty, ing in shopping, sc in escape, cr and st in
crust, pr in prize, bl and st in blast, and scr in scrape) (bl, pl, fl, gl, tr, fr, gr, pr, sk, sm, st, sp)
Digraph - ANS two letters come together to make one sound (ex: chi and ck in chicken, th in
this, wh in when, th in weather, ch in church, sh in shine, th in path, and wh and th in whether)
Consonant: Ch, sh, ck, th, ph, wh
Vowel: ay, ee, ea, oa, ai
Diphthong - ANS The sound produced by combining two vowels into a single syllable or
running together the sounds.
Vowels slide into each other
-Ex: soy, foul, cowboy, enjoy, about, town
Structural analysis - ANS the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and
suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
ID word parts: compound words, affixes, roots, and syllables, looking at the structure of a word
and analyzing it.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Alphabetic Principle - ANS The concept that letters and letter combinations are used to
represent phonemes in orthography (written language)
Phonological Awareness - ANS Ability to separate sentences into words and words into
syllables; awareness of any size unit of sound (word, rime, syllables, onset, phoneme); Is the
general appreciation of how language can be divided into components.
Phonemic Awareness - ANS Ability to recognize that words are made up of a discrete set of
sounds and to manipulate sounds
Phonics - ANS is a method of teaching that maps phonemes (sound) to graphemes (letters)
Self-Monitoring - ANS is when readers are aware of their own mistakes
Metacognition - ANS thinking about one's own thinking. *We should model our own thinking
always!*
Vocabulary - ANS (Next few terms)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Shared Reading - ANS an interactive reading experience that occurs when students join in or
share the reading of a book or other text while guided and supported by a teacher. The teacher
explicitly models the skills of proficient readers, including reading with fluency and expression.
Guided Reading - ANS An instructional approach that involves a teacher working with a small
group of readers. During the lesson, the teacher provides a text that students can read with
support, coaching the learners as they use problem-solving strategies to read the text.
Independent Reading - ANS Children's reading of text-such as books, magazines, and
newspapers, on their own, with minimal to no assistance from adults. It can consist of reading
done in or out of school, including purely voluntary reading for enjoyment or assigned reading
for homework.
Reading Levels - ANS Independent Level-Relatively easy for the student to read (95% word
accuracy). The highest level you would ask a child to read with only a small amount of
assistance.
Instructional level-Challenging but manageable for the reader (90% word accuracy). The highest
level at which a reader is not independent, but has adequate background knowledge for a topic,
and can access text quickly and with no or few errors.
Frustrational Level-Difficult text for the student to read (less than 90% word accuracy).
Fluency: three components - ANS Reading Rate-Need to be able to adjust your speed based
on the difficulty and content of the text. NOT about race reading.
Accuracy-We aim for 95% accuracy. We want readers to build automaticity so they are able to
devote mental energy to meaning, NOT decoding. Ex: Word Walls, Flashcards
Prosody-How you say the words, reading with expression! The ability to phrase text, use
punctuation and read with intonation.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Practices/strategies for fostering fluency - ANS Reader's theatre, recorded books, modeled
fluent reading, repeated reading, Big Books (shared reading, reading books at an independent
level)
Phoneme - ANS Phonemes are individual sounds perceived by speakers of an oral language;
smallest unit of speech. Ex: bad has 3 phonemes, good also has 3.
Grapheme - ANS written representations of phonemes. Ex. d o g
Morpheme - ANS Smallest unit of meaning in a word. Ex: book has 1 morpheme; rebooking
has 3 morphemes (re is 1; book is 1; and ing is 1); books has 2 morphemes (book is 1; and s is 1).
Syllable: Know six types of syllables - ANS CVCe (vowel + silent e): Have a single vowel with
silent e at the end (ex: racer, cake, flute, stove, late, ninety)
Open: ends with a vowel (ex: paper, staple, robot, tiger, focus, total, rival, bible, motor)
Closed: ends with a consonant (ex: mittens, common, butter, chicken, bubble, napkin)
R-Controlled: A r follows the vowel(s) and makes the sound say "r" Ex. target, carrot, turnip,
orbit, shorten.
Vowel Team: vowels act as a team to create 1 or 2 sounds (ex: oatmeal, rainbow, cowboy,
beatle, roadwork, boat)
Consonant + le: Words have consonant followed by -le (ex: hurdle, circle, wiggle, bottle, cattle)
Long and Short Vowel Sounds - ANS (a, e, i, o, u, and somes y and w (ex: low, slow, cowboy);
isn't blocked by anything; always voiced sounds
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -Long vowels say their name: Ex: Acorn, Bee, Ice Cream, Ocean, Unicorn, Feast
Short: Don't say their name, say their sound. Ex: Apple, Egg, Igloo, Octopus, Umbrella, Bread
Schwa - ANS A vowel sound in English that often occurs in an unstressed syllable, such as the
/uh/ sound in the first syllable of the word above.
Blend - ANS 2-3 consonants that are used together to form a sound in which each consonant
can individually be heard (ex: bl in bleed, st in thirsty, ing in shopping, sc in escape, cr and st in
crust, pr in prize, bl and st in blast, and scr in scrape) (bl, pl, fl, gl, tr, fr, gr, pr, sk, sm, st, sp)
Digraph - ANS two letters come together to make one sound (ex: chi and ck in chicken, th in
this, wh in when, th in weather, ch in church, sh in shine, th in path, and wh and th in whether)
Consonant: Ch, sh, ck, th, ph, wh
Vowel: ay, ee, ea, oa, ai
Diphthong - ANS The sound produced by combining two vowels into a single syllable or
running together the sounds.
Vowels slide into each other
-Ex: soy, foul, cowboy, enjoy, about, town
Structural analysis - ANS the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and
suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
ID word parts: compound words, affixes, roots, and syllables, looking at the structure of a word
and analyzing it.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
