NU 578 Unit 4 Exam Study
Guide – Practice Questions
with Verified Answers. GRADED
A+. Latest 2026/2027 Update.
Insulin use - Ans✔✔-Insulin is used to treat all patients with type 1 and many
with type 2 diabetes. consists of two amino acid chains (a acidic and b basic)
linked by two disulfide bridges. it is synthesized in the pancreas by b ce;;s
within islets of langerhans. insulin is released by rise in blood sugar (eating a.
meal).
Anaolic reaction (insulin promotes conservation of energy and buildup of
energy stores)
Insulin metabolic actions - Ans✔✔-Insulin promotes glucose into glycogen,
amino acids assembled into proteins, fatty acids into triglycerides.
Insulin deficiency promotes glycogen into glucose, proteins into amino acids,
and fats into glycerol.
Metformin use - Ans✔✔-Biguanide
used for type 2 DM. oral anti diabetic. may be used with other drugs. can be
used for prevention of type 2 diabetes, GDM, PCOS.
, Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of glucose. Does not
stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
Increases HDL, decreases BP, promotes weight loss.
DPP-4 Inhibitors (gliptins) - Ans✔✔-go to pancreas and increase insulin release.
Example is Sitaglitpin
Sodium Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors). (gliflozins) -
Ans✔✔-Example: empagliflozin
increases urine excretion of glucose, taken PO, reduces cardiovascular risk of
type 2 diabetes.
SE: yeast infections and genital gangrene
Incretin Mimetics ('tides) - Ans✔✔-injectables that slow gastric emptying,
causes weight loss and help an overwhelmed pancreas.
solfonylureas - Ans✔✔-stimulate pancreas to release more insulin. range in
onset, duration, and potency and are only used for type 2 diabetes. there are
first generation and second generation. second are more potent and doses are
lower and drug drug interactions are less common
AE: hypoglycemia
Acarbose - Ans✔✔-a glucosidase inhibitor
Guide – Practice Questions
with Verified Answers. GRADED
A+. Latest 2026/2027 Update.
Insulin use - Ans✔✔-Insulin is used to treat all patients with type 1 and many
with type 2 diabetes. consists of two amino acid chains (a acidic and b basic)
linked by two disulfide bridges. it is synthesized in the pancreas by b ce;;s
within islets of langerhans. insulin is released by rise in blood sugar (eating a.
meal).
Anaolic reaction (insulin promotes conservation of energy and buildup of
energy stores)
Insulin metabolic actions - Ans✔✔-Insulin promotes glucose into glycogen,
amino acids assembled into proteins, fatty acids into triglycerides.
Insulin deficiency promotes glycogen into glucose, proteins into amino acids,
and fats into glycerol.
Metformin use - Ans✔✔-Biguanide
used for type 2 DM. oral anti diabetic. may be used with other drugs. can be
used for prevention of type 2 diabetes, GDM, PCOS.
, Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of glucose. Does not
stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
Increases HDL, decreases BP, promotes weight loss.
DPP-4 Inhibitors (gliptins) - Ans✔✔-go to pancreas and increase insulin release.
Example is Sitaglitpin
Sodium Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors). (gliflozins) -
Ans✔✔-Example: empagliflozin
increases urine excretion of glucose, taken PO, reduces cardiovascular risk of
type 2 diabetes.
SE: yeast infections and genital gangrene
Incretin Mimetics ('tides) - Ans✔✔-injectables that slow gastric emptying,
causes weight loss and help an overwhelmed pancreas.
solfonylureas - Ans✔✔-stimulate pancreas to release more insulin. range in
onset, duration, and potency and are only used for type 2 diabetes. there are
first generation and second generation. second are more potent and doses are
lower and drug drug interactions are less common
AE: hypoglycemia
Acarbose - Ans✔✔-a glucosidase inhibitor
