ATI Pharmacology II Summary Notes | Key Concepts & Exam Prep Guide

ATI Pharmacology II Summary Notes | Key Concepts & Exam Prep Guide Cardiovascular System Drug Information Table ACE Inhibitors - captopril (Capoten) THERAPEUTIC USE ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Treatment of Hypertension Heart failure (HF) Diabetic nephropathy • Left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction (ramipril) Severe hypotension following first dose (most likely in clients taking diuretics, with high BP, or who have hyponatremia) INTERVENTIONS ADMINISTRATION Dry, nonproductive cough due to increase in bradykinin Rash and report of metallic taste in mouth Angioedema (swelling of mouth, throat due to inhibition of kinase Hyperkalemia I1) Neutropenia (decrease in white blood cells with increased risk of infection) Start ACE inhibitors with low dose and gradually increase to prevent hypotension Diuretics may be temporarily stopped before first dose of ACE inhibitor is given Monitor BP following first dose Manage severe hypotension by expanding blood volume with IV fluid therapy Monitor for and report dry cough Discontinue use of ACE inhibitor if dry cough occurs Monitor for and report these effects (ACE inhibitor may be discontinued) Treat severe angioedema with IV epinephrine Discontinue use of any ACE inhibitor if angioedema occurs Monitor potassium levels in clients who are at risk (See interactions, below) Monitor white blood cell counts (WBC) with differential (includes number of neutrophils and other types of white blood cells) every 2 weeks for first 3 months of therapy and then periodically Available for oral use only Must be taken two to three times daily for hypertension; three times daily for heart failure Give captopril 1 hr before meals for adequate absorption