DAVITA RN FINAL EXAM 2026
ACTUAL TEST PAPER WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS GRADE A+
◉ What are the kidneys excretory functions. Answer: To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
◉ What is the function of the acid concentration. Answer: Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
◉ What is the function of bicarbonate. Answer: Buffers the acid
concentrate
◉ Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia. Answer: > 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
◉ Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia. Answer: < 3.5 mEq: fatigue,
muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
◉ What are the kidneys endocrine functions. Answer: Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
◉ How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions. Answer:
Provide medications
,◉ How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis.
Answer: 15%
◉ What is uremia and how does it affect the body?. Answer: Uremia is a
buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body
systems.
◉ What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa?. Answer:
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
◉ Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD. Answer: -slowing
the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
◉ Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD. Answer:
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data
collection and assessment
,◉ Why is sodium balance important?. Answer: Leads to volume
expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular
resistance, and increased blood pressure
◉ Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance. Answer: Edema,
hypertension, shortness of breath
◉ Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who
complains of: dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in
extremities) and gi problems. Answer: Use hyper-fatted soaps and
lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN
and physician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
◉ What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and
hypertension. Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
◉ What is Percarditis?. Answer: Inflammation of the membrane
(pericardial sac) around the heart
◉ What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients. Answer:
fluid overload
◉ Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to. Answer: Ischemic heart disease,
arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
, ◉ Why are dialysis patients anemic?. Answer: 1. the lifespan of their red
blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
◉ What can you do to avoid contributing to lower hemoglobin and
blood loss in dialysis patients. Answer: Verify correct Erythropoietin
Stimulating Agent (ESA) dose is administered, rinse back until venous
line is pink tinged, and avoid repeat lab draws
◉ What are the 4 key elements contributing to CKD-mineral bone
disorder(MBD). Answer: 1. Calcium
2. Phosphorus
3. PTH
4. Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
◉ What are the symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease.
Answer: Soft tissue calcification, itching, muscle weakness, pathological
fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, atherosclerosis,
heart disease
◉ What is your role in CKD-MBD management. Answer: *report
symptoms * urge patients to take meds (home & treatment)
*report noncompliance problems related to nonadherence
◉ Define the term AKI. Answer: - Term incorporates a wide spectrum
of kidney issues
ACTUAL TEST PAPER WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS GRADE A+
◉ What are the kidneys excretory functions. Answer: To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
◉ What is the function of the acid concentration. Answer: Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
◉ What is the function of bicarbonate. Answer: Buffers the acid
concentrate
◉ Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia. Answer: > 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
◉ Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia. Answer: < 3.5 mEq: fatigue,
muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
◉ What are the kidneys endocrine functions. Answer: Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
◉ How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions. Answer:
Provide medications
,◉ How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis.
Answer: 15%
◉ What is uremia and how does it affect the body?. Answer: Uremia is a
buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body
systems.
◉ What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa?. Answer:
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
◉ Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD. Answer: -slowing
the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
◉ Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD. Answer:
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data
collection and assessment
,◉ Why is sodium balance important?. Answer: Leads to volume
expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular
resistance, and increased blood pressure
◉ Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance. Answer: Edema,
hypertension, shortness of breath
◉ Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who
complains of: dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in
extremities) and gi problems. Answer: Use hyper-fatted soaps and
lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN
and physician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
◉ What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and
hypertension. Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
◉ What is Percarditis?. Answer: Inflammation of the membrane
(pericardial sac) around the heart
◉ What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients. Answer:
fluid overload
◉ Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to. Answer: Ischemic heart disease,
arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
, ◉ Why are dialysis patients anemic?. Answer: 1. the lifespan of their red
blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
◉ What can you do to avoid contributing to lower hemoglobin and
blood loss in dialysis patients. Answer: Verify correct Erythropoietin
Stimulating Agent (ESA) dose is administered, rinse back until venous
line is pink tinged, and avoid repeat lab draws
◉ What are the 4 key elements contributing to CKD-mineral bone
disorder(MBD). Answer: 1. Calcium
2. Phosphorus
3. PTH
4. Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
◉ What are the symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease.
Answer: Soft tissue calcification, itching, muscle weakness, pathological
fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, atherosclerosis,
heart disease
◉ What is your role in CKD-MBD management. Answer: *report
symptoms * urge patients to take meds (home & treatment)
*report noncompliance problems related to nonadherence
◉ Define the term AKI. Answer: - Term incorporates a wide spectrum
of kidney issues
