Cell Biology (4610) Exam 1 with answers
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. A cell is the basic
unit of organisms
2. All living things are made up of cells
3. new cells arise from preexisting cells
Cell Culture - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the process of
separating cells in tissues and growing cells in culture.
Animal Cell - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔* 10-30 um
* 5 times smaller than the smallest particle that is visible
to the naked eye
Rich Medium - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- 9 essential amino
acids
- vitamins
- peptide and protein growth factors (calf serum)
Negatively Charged - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔solid
surface that mimics the extracellular interactions in
animal cells.
,Primary Cell Culture - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cells
prepared directly from tissues of an organism. often
display the differentiated properties of the organs from
which they were isolated. disadvantage is that the cells
have a finite number of doublings. (50-100)
Cell Strain - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a lineage of cells
originating from one initial primary cell culture
Cell culture stages - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. growth
2. cell strain
3. cell senescence
Transformed Cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔usually cells
derived from a tumor or cells that have undergone
spontaneous genetic change.
ex: HeLa cells, CHO cells
Transformed Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- immortal, cell line (continuous growth)
- grow to higher densities
- solid surface not required
,Transformed Cell Disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔May not accurately represent original cells in tissue.
The number of chromosomes in transformed cells is
altered, termed aneuploidy.
Microscopy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔observing cellular
events as an essential tool in the field.
Resolution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ability to distinguish
between two objects or the minimum distance between 2
distinguishable objects.
The limit on light microscopy is set by? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔the wavelength of visible light
Resolution Formula - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-D=
0.61/Nsin(a)
N - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔refractive index of the
medium
Alpha - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the wavelength of angular
aperture
Nsin(a) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numerical aperture
, How is resolution improved? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔using shorter wavelengths or increasing the N or a.
The lower the D.... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The better
resolution
Bright Field Microscopy Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- simple, inexpensive
- no staining required
- live cell imaging
Bright Field Microscopy Limitations - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- very low contrast
- low optical resolution due to the blur of out of focus
material
Ways to Improve Bright Field Microscopy - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔1. optical
2. physical
3. biochemical
Optical Improvements - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. A cell is the basic
unit of organisms
2. All living things are made up of cells
3. new cells arise from preexisting cells
Cell Culture - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the process of
separating cells in tissues and growing cells in culture.
Animal Cell - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔* 10-30 um
* 5 times smaller than the smallest particle that is visible
to the naked eye
Rich Medium - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- 9 essential amino
acids
- vitamins
- peptide and protein growth factors (calf serum)
Negatively Charged - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔solid
surface that mimics the extracellular interactions in
animal cells.
,Primary Cell Culture - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cells
prepared directly from tissues of an organism. often
display the differentiated properties of the organs from
which they were isolated. disadvantage is that the cells
have a finite number of doublings. (50-100)
Cell Strain - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a lineage of cells
originating from one initial primary cell culture
Cell culture stages - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. growth
2. cell strain
3. cell senescence
Transformed Cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔usually cells
derived from a tumor or cells that have undergone
spontaneous genetic change.
ex: HeLa cells, CHO cells
Transformed Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- immortal, cell line (continuous growth)
- grow to higher densities
- solid surface not required
,Transformed Cell Disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔May not accurately represent original cells in tissue.
The number of chromosomes in transformed cells is
altered, termed aneuploidy.
Microscopy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔observing cellular
events as an essential tool in the field.
Resolution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ability to distinguish
between two objects or the minimum distance between 2
distinguishable objects.
The limit on light microscopy is set by? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔the wavelength of visible light
Resolution Formula - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-D=
0.61/Nsin(a)
N - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔refractive index of the
medium
Alpha - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the wavelength of angular
aperture
Nsin(a) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔numerical aperture
, How is resolution improved? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔using shorter wavelengths or increasing the N or a.
The lower the D.... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The better
resolution
Bright Field Microscopy Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- simple, inexpensive
- no staining required
- live cell imaging
Bright Field Microscopy Limitations - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- very low contrast
- low optical resolution due to the blur of out of focus
material
Ways to Improve Bright Field Microscopy - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔1. optical
2. physical
3. biochemical
Optical Improvements - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
