HLSC 2416 EXAM 3 FINAL STUDY PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
◉ How does skin change in aging adults? Answer: -loses elasticity,
folds and sags
-thin, dry, lax, wrinkled
-epidermis thins and flattens
-loss of elastin, collagen, and subcutaneous fat and muscle tone
-sweat and sebaceous glands decrease (dry skin)
◉ Why does wrinkling occur? Answer: the dermis thins and flattens
◉ The loss of ___________ increases the risk for shearing, tearing
injuries. Answer: collagen
◉ What is senile purpura? Answer: dark red discolored areas
(caused from minor traumas in aging adults)
◉ What is pseudofolliculitis? Answer: aka razor bumps or ingrown
hairs
◉ What is melasma? Answer: the "mask of pregnancy"
,a patchy tan-to-dark brown discoloration of the face
◉ Hypopigmentation Answer: loss of color
◉ hyperpigmentation Answer: increase in color
◉ Seborrhea Answer: oily
◉ xerosis Answer: dry
◉ pruritus Answer: skin itching
◉ Alopecia Answer: significant hair loss
◉ hirsutism Answer: shaggy or excessive hair
◉ vitiligo Answer: complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy
areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, and body
folds
◉ freckles (ephelides) Answer: Small, flat macules of brown melanin
pigment that occur on sun exposed skin
,◉ mole (nevus) Answer: a clump of melanocytes, tan-to-brown
color, flat or raised
◉ Explain the difference between a junctional nevus and compound
nevus. Answer: junctional: macular only and occurs in children and
adolescents
compound: macular and papular
◉ What does ABCDEF stand for? Answer: Dangerous characteristics:
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter greater than 6mm
Elevation or Evolution
Funny looking
◉ What is pallor? Answer: when the red-pink tones from the
oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost (high-stress states)
◉ Explain how you can look for pallor in different skin tones.
Answer: dark skin: absence of luster of underlying red tones
brown skin: yellowish brown
, black skin: ashen or gray
◉ What is erythema? Answer: Intense redness of the skin due to
excess blood (hyperemia) in the dilated superficial capillaries
(expected with fever, inflammation, or emotional reaction)
◉ What is cyanosis? Answer: Bluish mottled color from decreased
perfusion, the tissues have high levels of deoxygenated blood (lips,
nose, cheeks, ear, oral mucous membranes)
◉ ___________ indicates hypoxemia and occurs with shock, cardiac
arrest, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, and congenital heart disease.
Answer: cyanosis
◉ What is jaundice? Answer: a yellowish skin color that indicates
rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood
◉ Where is jaundice first noted? Answer: in the junction of the hard
and soft palate in the mouth and in the sclera
◉ ___________ occurs with hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell, transfusion
reaction, and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Answer: Jaundice
◉ What is diaphoresis? Answer: profuse perspiration
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
◉ How does skin change in aging adults? Answer: -loses elasticity,
folds and sags
-thin, dry, lax, wrinkled
-epidermis thins and flattens
-loss of elastin, collagen, and subcutaneous fat and muscle tone
-sweat and sebaceous glands decrease (dry skin)
◉ Why does wrinkling occur? Answer: the dermis thins and flattens
◉ The loss of ___________ increases the risk for shearing, tearing
injuries. Answer: collagen
◉ What is senile purpura? Answer: dark red discolored areas
(caused from minor traumas in aging adults)
◉ What is pseudofolliculitis? Answer: aka razor bumps or ingrown
hairs
◉ What is melasma? Answer: the "mask of pregnancy"
,a patchy tan-to-dark brown discoloration of the face
◉ Hypopigmentation Answer: loss of color
◉ hyperpigmentation Answer: increase in color
◉ Seborrhea Answer: oily
◉ xerosis Answer: dry
◉ pruritus Answer: skin itching
◉ Alopecia Answer: significant hair loss
◉ hirsutism Answer: shaggy or excessive hair
◉ vitiligo Answer: complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy
areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, and body
folds
◉ freckles (ephelides) Answer: Small, flat macules of brown melanin
pigment that occur on sun exposed skin
,◉ mole (nevus) Answer: a clump of melanocytes, tan-to-brown
color, flat or raised
◉ Explain the difference between a junctional nevus and compound
nevus. Answer: junctional: macular only and occurs in children and
adolescents
compound: macular and papular
◉ What does ABCDEF stand for? Answer: Dangerous characteristics:
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter greater than 6mm
Elevation or Evolution
Funny looking
◉ What is pallor? Answer: when the red-pink tones from the
oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost (high-stress states)
◉ Explain how you can look for pallor in different skin tones.
Answer: dark skin: absence of luster of underlying red tones
brown skin: yellowish brown
, black skin: ashen or gray
◉ What is erythema? Answer: Intense redness of the skin due to
excess blood (hyperemia) in the dilated superficial capillaries
(expected with fever, inflammation, or emotional reaction)
◉ What is cyanosis? Answer: Bluish mottled color from decreased
perfusion, the tissues have high levels of deoxygenated blood (lips,
nose, cheeks, ear, oral mucous membranes)
◉ ___________ indicates hypoxemia and occurs with shock, cardiac
arrest, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, and congenital heart disease.
Answer: cyanosis
◉ What is jaundice? Answer: a yellowish skin color that indicates
rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood
◉ Where is jaundice first noted? Answer: in the junction of the hard
and soft palate in the mouth and in the sclera
◉ ___________ occurs with hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell, transfusion
reaction, and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Answer: Jaundice
◉ What is diaphoresis? Answer: profuse perspiration
