HLSC 2416 EXAM 3 FINAL STUDY PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ ___________ indicates hypoxemia and occurs with shock, cardiac
arrest, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, and congenital heart disease.
Answer: cyanosis
◉ What is jaundice? Answer: a yellowish skin color that indicates
rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood
◉ Where is jaundice first noted? Answer: in the junction of the hard
and soft palate in the mouth and in the sclera
◉ ___________ occurs with hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell, transfusion
reaction, and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Answer: Jaundice
◉ What is diaphoresis? Answer: profuse perspiration
◉ Look for ______________ in the oral mucous membranes. Answer:
dehydration
◉ How is skin texture with hyperthyroidism? hypothyroidism?
Answer: hyper: smoother and softer; like velvet
,hypo: rough, dry, and flaky
◉ What is anasarca? Answer: edema that is generalized over the
whole body
◉ What is the difference in mobility and turgor? Answer: mobility:
ease of skin to rise
turgor: ability to return to place
◉ What is scleroderma? Answer: "hard skin" a chronic connective
tissue disorder associated with decreased mobility
◉ What are cherry/senile angiomas? Answer: small, slightly raised
bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk in all adults
older than 30; increase with aging and not significant
◉ What should you note on lesions? Answer: -color
-elevation
-pattern or shape
-size
-location and distribution
-any exudate
,◉ Explain primary and secondary lesions. Answer: primary:
develops on previously unaltered skin
secondary: when a lesion changes over time or because of scratching
or infection
◉ What does absent or sparse genital hair suggest? Answer:
endocrine abnormalities
◉ Describe the normal nail appearance. Answer: -slightly curved or
flat
-nail folds are smooth and rounded
-edges are smooth, rounded, and clean
-160° angle of the nail base
-translucent
◉ What is the Mongolian spot? Answer: a common variation of
hyperpigmentation in Africa-American, Asian, American Indian, and
Latino newborns
blue-black-to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks
(sometimes on abdomen, thighs, shoulders, or arms
◉ What is the cafe au lait spot? Answer: a large round or oval patch
of light brown pigmentation which is usually present at birth
, ◉ What is the harlequin color change? Answer: occurs when the
baby is in a side-lying position; lower half of the body turns red and
the upper half blanches with a distinct demarcation
◉ What is erythema toxicum? Answer: a common rash that appears
in the first 3 to 4 days of life (flea bite rash or newborn rash) that
consists of tiny punctate red macules and papules on the cheeks,
trunk, chest, back, and buttocks
◉ What is acrocyanosis? Answer: a temporary cyanotic condition
that occurs in infants where there is a bluish color around the lips,
hands, fingernails, feet, and toenails
◉ What is cutis marmorata? Answer: a temporary cyanotic
condition that occurs in infants where there is a transient mottling
in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room
temperatures; forms a reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin
◉ Explain physiological jaundice. Answer: -a normal variation in
about half of all newborns
-yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes that develops
after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of increased numbers of rbc's
that hemolyze after birth
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ ___________ indicates hypoxemia and occurs with shock, cardiac
arrest, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, and congenital heart disease.
Answer: cyanosis
◉ What is jaundice? Answer: a yellowish skin color that indicates
rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood
◉ Where is jaundice first noted? Answer: in the junction of the hard
and soft palate in the mouth and in the sclera
◉ ___________ occurs with hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle-cell, transfusion
reaction, and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Answer: Jaundice
◉ What is diaphoresis? Answer: profuse perspiration
◉ Look for ______________ in the oral mucous membranes. Answer:
dehydration
◉ How is skin texture with hyperthyroidism? hypothyroidism?
Answer: hyper: smoother and softer; like velvet
,hypo: rough, dry, and flaky
◉ What is anasarca? Answer: edema that is generalized over the
whole body
◉ What is the difference in mobility and turgor? Answer: mobility:
ease of skin to rise
turgor: ability to return to place
◉ What is scleroderma? Answer: "hard skin" a chronic connective
tissue disorder associated with decreased mobility
◉ What are cherry/senile angiomas? Answer: small, slightly raised
bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk in all adults
older than 30; increase with aging and not significant
◉ What should you note on lesions? Answer: -color
-elevation
-pattern or shape
-size
-location and distribution
-any exudate
,◉ Explain primary and secondary lesions. Answer: primary:
develops on previously unaltered skin
secondary: when a lesion changes over time or because of scratching
or infection
◉ What does absent or sparse genital hair suggest? Answer:
endocrine abnormalities
◉ Describe the normal nail appearance. Answer: -slightly curved or
flat
-nail folds are smooth and rounded
-edges are smooth, rounded, and clean
-160° angle of the nail base
-translucent
◉ What is the Mongolian spot? Answer: a common variation of
hyperpigmentation in Africa-American, Asian, American Indian, and
Latino newborns
blue-black-to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks
(sometimes on abdomen, thighs, shoulders, or arms
◉ What is the cafe au lait spot? Answer: a large round or oval patch
of light brown pigmentation which is usually present at birth
, ◉ What is the harlequin color change? Answer: occurs when the
baby is in a side-lying position; lower half of the body turns red and
the upper half blanches with a distinct demarcation
◉ What is erythema toxicum? Answer: a common rash that appears
in the first 3 to 4 days of life (flea bite rash or newborn rash) that
consists of tiny punctate red macules and papules on the cheeks,
trunk, chest, back, and buttocks
◉ What is acrocyanosis? Answer: a temporary cyanotic condition
that occurs in infants where there is a bluish color around the lips,
hands, fingernails, feet, and toenails
◉ What is cutis marmorata? Answer: a temporary cyanotic
condition that occurs in infants where there is a transient mottling
in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room
temperatures; forms a reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin
◉ Explain physiological jaundice. Answer: -a normal variation in
about half of all newborns
-yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes that develops
after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of increased numbers of rbc's
that hemolyze after birth
