HPA 200 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
internal validity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Did the study really have a cause and effect relationship (did x
cause y )
History - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Something happens during the study
Example of History Threat - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A new gym opens while studying exercise —> people
get healthier but may not be from the treatment
Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Natural change over time
Example of Maturation Threat - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Kids improve reading because they're getting
older, not because of the program te
testing effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Practice improves performance
example of testing effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Students score higher a second time because they've
seen the test before
Instrumentation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Measurement changes
Example of instrumentation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅New blood pressure machine gives different
readings than an old one
Statistical regression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅extreme scores regress to the mean
Example of statistical regression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Patients with a very high BP improve naturally
overtime
selection effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Groups are different at baseline
, Example of selection effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅If you are studying people that are trying to loose
weight, Health conscious people CHOOSE to go to the gym rather than someone that doesn't go to the
gym
experimental mortality - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅people drop out of the study
Example of experimental mortality - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sick patients leave the study —> result look
better than they are
Selection maturation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Groups change differently overtime
Example of selection maturation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Older groups decline faster than younger
groups
external validity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world
settings
example of external validity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A study done in a top hospital might not apply to a
small or average hospital
Reactive effect of testing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Protest changes how people act
Example of reactive effect of testing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅People excerise more because they've
seen know they are being tested
Interaction effect of selection bias and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Results only work for a
specific group studied
Example of interaction effect of selection bias and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A treatment
works on athletes but may not work on the general population
internal validity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Did the study really have a cause and effect relationship (did x
cause y )
History - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Something happens during the study
Example of History Threat - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A new gym opens while studying exercise —> people
get healthier but may not be from the treatment
Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Natural change over time
Example of Maturation Threat - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Kids improve reading because they're getting
older, not because of the program te
testing effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Practice improves performance
example of testing effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Students score higher a second time because they've
seen the test before
Instrumentation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Measurement changes
Example of instrumentation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅New blood pressure machine gives different
readings than an old one
Statistical regression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅extreme scores regress to the mean
Example of statistical regression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Patients with a very high BP improve naturally
overtime
selection effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Groups are different at baseline
, Example of selection effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅If you are studying people that are trying to loose
weight, Health conscious people CHOOSE to go to the gym rather than someone that doesn't go to the
gym
experimental mortality - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅people drop out of the study
Example of experimental mortality - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sick patients leave the study —> result look
better than they are
Selection maturation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Groups change differently overtime
Example of selection maturation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Older groups decline faster than younger
groups
external validity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world
settings
example of external validity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A study done in a top hospital might not apply to a
small or average hospital
Reactive effect of testing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Protest changes how people act
Example of reactive effect of testing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅People excerise more because they've
seen know they are being tested
Interaction effect of selection bias and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Results only work for a
specific group studied
Example of interaction effect of selection bias and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A treatment
works on athletes but may not work on the general population
