JOUR 102 STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the sequence of the research process? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Curiosity, Question, Design,
Measurement, Data Collection, Analysis, Interpretation, Communication
Why is the research process considered iterative rather than linear? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Researchers can revisit and revise previous steps as needed
What are the core emphases of journalistic research? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Verification, evidence,
and transparency
What is the primary focus of IMC research? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Understanding the audience before
creating messages
What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cross-
sectional collects data at one point in time; longitudinal collects data over time
What distinguishes an experimental design from an observational design? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Experimental design manipulates variables with random assignment; observational design
observes without manipulation
What is a quasi-experiment? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A study that tests causal logic but lacks random
assignment
What is the difference between internal and external validity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Internal validity
is confidence that X caused Y; external validity is the ability to generalize findings
What is the purpose of random assignment in research? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅To establish causation
and reduce bias
What is the difference between history threats and maturation in research? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅History threats involve outside events influencing results, while maturation involves
participants changing naturally over time
What is the sequence of the research process? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Curiosity, Question, Design,
Measurement, Data Collection, Analysis, Interpretation, Communication
Why is the research process considered iterative rather than linear? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Researchers can revisit and revise previous steps as needed
What are the core emphases of journalistic research? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Verification, evidence,
and transparency
What is the primary focus of IMC research? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Understanding the audience before
creating messages
What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cross-
sectional collects data at one point in time; longitudinal collects data over time
What distinguishes an experimental design from an observational design? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Experimental design manipulates variables with random assignment; observational design
observes without manipulation
What is a quasi-experiment? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A study that tests causal logic but lacks random
assignment
What is the difference between internal and external validity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Internal validity
is confidence that X caused Y; external validity is the ability to generalize findings
What is the purpose of random assignment in research? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅To establish causation
and reduce bias
What is the difference between history threats and maturation in research? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅History threats involve outside events influencing results, while maturation involves
participants changing naturally over time
