Exam Coverage
Exam coverage for Bio 168 Exam 2 includes anatomy and physiology
concepts commonly covered in the second unit of an introductory
Human Anatomy and Physiology course. It typically focuses on major
body systems introduced after foundational material, such as the
skeletal, muscular, nervous, or endocrine systems, depending on the
course sequence. The exam also evaluates understanding of structure
and function, anatomical terminology, physiological mechanisms,
homeostasis, and the relationship between body systems. Emphasis is
placed on applying core anatomy and physiology concepts,
interpreting normal body function, and integrating system-level
knowledge in health-related contexts.
,How can you tell its a lumbar vertabra?
No costal facets, short spinous process
Four types of bone cells
osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
describe the function of osteogenic cells
only cell that divides, they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts
,describe the function of osteoblasts
cell reproduction for forming new bone
describe the function of osteocytes
reshapes bones, primary cell in mature bone
describe the function of osteoclasts
bone respiration, bone themselves, stores calcium by using lacuna
, Interosseous membranes are between?
the radius and the ulna