NU136 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ ________ means diuresis, increase urine output. Answer: Polyuria
◉ __________ refers to voiding that's painful or difficult. (Examples:
UTI, Urethra stricture, injury, burning or pushing) Answer: Dysuria
◉ _______________ is a delay & difficulty in initiating voiding.
Answer: Hesitancy
◉ __________________ is a sudden strong desire to void
(psychological stress & irritation of trigone & urethra) Answer: Urgency
◉ ___________ is involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder
control, healthy not a disease. (In infants its normal) Answer:
Incontinence
◉ __________ is Impaired emptying of the bladder. Can distend an
overflow Answer: Retention
◉ _______ is involuntary urination children beyond the age voluntary
control is acquired 4 - 5 years. Answer: Enuresis
,◉ List some factor that influence urinary elimination. Answer: 1.
Developmental factors
2. Psychosocial factor
3. Fluid & Food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6.Pathologic conditions ( Renal & heart failure, shock, decrease blood
flow, HTN, Urinary Stone, Hypertrophy of prostate gland
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures (Cystoscopy, spinal block)
◉ List some nursing preventions & education applied for prevention of
UTI's Answer: 1. Drink 64 oz of water per day(8-8oz cups)
2. Practice frequent voiding (every 2 to 4 hours)
3. Avoid use of harsh soaps, bubble bath, powder, or sprays in the
perineal area
4. Avoid tight-fitting clothing
5. Wear cotton rather than nylon underclothes
6. Always wipe the perineal area from front to back following urination
or defecation (girls and women)
7. Take showers rather than baths if recurrent urinary infections are a
problem
8. Void after sex to flush urethra.
, ◉ __________ refers to distended veins in the region of the anus that
can be Internal or external. They are common in mothers (Pressure from
babies) or people who sit a lot. Answer: Hemorrhoids
◉ ____________ refers to the passage of liquid feces and increased
frequency of defecation resulting in the rapid movement of fecal
contents through the large intestine. Answer: Diarrhea (p. 1216)
◉ Ideally nurses want to see urine output at __________mL/h and
________ mL/h in trauma or critical patients. Answer: 60 mL/h normal
30 mL/h Critical stable/ trauma
◉ You are assessing your patient's Urine output of 600 mL/ in 24 hour
period. Is this adequate output for your patient? Answer: No! 600 mL/h
is 25 mL/h
which is below the 30mL/h critical stable & the 30 mL/h normal.
◉ You are assessing your patient's Urine output of 700 mL/ in 24 hour
period. Is this adequate output for your patient? Answer: No! 700 mL/h
is 29 mL/h
which is below the 30mL/h critical stable & the 30 mL/h normal.
EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ ________ means diuresis, increase urine output. Answer: Polyuria
◉ __________ refers to voiding that's painful or difficult. (Examples:
UTI, Urethra stricture, injury, burning or pushing) Answer: Dysuria
◉ _______________ is a delay & difficulty in initiating voiding.
Answer: Hesitancy
◉ __________________ is a sudden strong desire to void
(psychological stress & irritation of trigone & urethra) Answer: Urgency
◉ ___________ is involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder
control, healthy not a disease. (In infants its normal) Answer:
Incontinence
◉ __________ is Impaired emptying of the bladder. Can distend an
overflow Answer: Retention
◉ _______ is involuntary urination children beyond the age voluntary
control is acquired 4 - 5 years. Answer: Enuresis
,◉ List some factor that influence urinary elimination. Answer: 1.
Developmental factors
2. Psychosocial factor
3. Fluid & Food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6.Pathologic conditions ( Renal & heart failure, shock, decrease blood
flow, HTN, Urinary Stone, Hypertrophy of prostate gland
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures (Cystoscopy, spinal block)
◉ List some nursing preventions & education applied for prevention of
UTI's Answer: 1. Drink 64 oz of water per day(8-8oz cups)
2. Practice frequent voiding (every 2 to 4 hours)
3. Avoid use of harsh soaps, bubble bath, powder, or sprays in the
perineal area
4. Avoid tight-fitting clothing
5. Wear cotton rather than nylon underclothes
6. Always wipe the perineal area from front to back following urination
or defecation (girls and women)
7. Take showers rather than baths if recurrent urinary infections are a
problem
8. Void after sex to flush urethra.
, ◉ __________ refers to distended veins in the region of the anus that
can be Internal or external. They are common in mothers (Pressure from
babies) or people who sit a lot. Answer: Hemorrhoids
◉ ____________ refers to the passage of liquid feces and increased
frequency of defecation resulting in the rapid movement of fecal
contents through the large intestine. Answer: Diarrhea (p. 1216)
◉ Ideally nurses want to see urine output at __________mL/h and
________ mL/h in trauma or critical patients. Answer: 60 mL/h normal
30 mL/h Critical stable/ trauma
◉ You are assessing your patient's Urine output of 600 mL/ in 24 hour
period. Is this adequate output for your patient? Answer: No! 600 mL/h
is 25 mL/h
which is below the 30mL/h critical stable & the 30 mL/h normal.
◉ You are assessing your patient's Urine output of 700 mL/ in 24 hour
period. Is this adequate output for your patient? Answer: No! 700 mL/h
is 29 mL/h
which is below the 30mL/h critical stable & the 30 mL/h normal.
