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NR304: CJE Review – Questions & A+ Answers
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Terms in this set (48)
Eyes & Ears Overview
Visual Acuity - Measured by Snellen
- 20/40 means: the person sees at 20 feet what
someone with normal vision sees at 40 feet
Accommodation test - Ask patient to look at a distant object, then shift
gaze to a near object
- Observe for pupil constriction and eye
convergence
Anisocoria Unequal pupils, may be accompanied by pain and
vision changes
PERRLA - Pupils are equal, round, reactive to light, and
accommodation
Pupil Gauge:
- Normal: 3-5mm
- Size variation up to 1mm is normal
- Miosis: <2mm or no dilation in dark
- Mydriasis: >6mm or no constriction in light
, Cardinal fields of gaze - Move eyes through 6 positions using H method or
wagon wheel
- Tests CN III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), VI
(abducens)
- Watch for nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
Otoscope use - Adults: pull pinna up and back
- Children <3: pull pinna down and back
- Tympanic membrane: pearly gray, translucent
Hearing tests Rinne Test:
- Compares air conduction to bone conduction
- Normal: AC > BC (2:1 ratio)
Weber Test:
- Tuning fork on head, sound should be equal in both
ears
- Conductive loss: sound louder in affected ear
- Sensorineural loss: sound louder in unaffected ear
Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) - Sensorineural loss that affects the middle ear
structures or causes damage to nerve cells in the
inner ear or CN VIII
- Accentuated with competing background noise
Eye diseases in the aging adult Cataracts:
- Clouding in the lens due to UV, smoking, diabetes,
obesity
Diabetic Retinopathy:
- Leading cause of blindness in working age adults
- Macular edema and new nonfunctional blood
vessels
Glaucoma:
- Increased intraocular pressure leads to optic
nerve damage
- Gradual peripheral loss then central vision loss
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Central vision loss
- Drusen (yellow deposits) and neovascularization in
the macula
NR304: CJE Review – Questions & A+ Answers
Save
Terms in this set (48)
Eyes & Ears Overview
Visual Acuity - Measured by Snellen
- 20/40 means: the person sees at 20 feet what
someone with normal vision sees at 40 feet
Accommodation test - Ask patient to look at a distant object, then shift
gaze to a near object
- Observe for pupil constriction and eye
convergence
Anisocoria Unequal pupils, may be accompanied by pain and
vision changes
PERRLA - Pupils are equal, round, reactive to light, and
accommodation
Pupil Gauge:
- Normal: 3-5mm
- Size variation up to 1mm is normal
- Miosis: <2mm or no dilation in dark
- Mydriasis: >6mm or no constriction in light
, Cardinal fields of gaze - Move eyes through 6 positions using H method or
wagon wheel
- Tests CN III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), VI
(abducens)
- Watch for nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
Otoscope use - Adults: pull pinna up and back
- Children <3: pull pinna down and back
- Tympanic membrane: pearly gray, translucent
Hearing tests Rinne Test:
- Compares air conduction to bone conduction
- Normal: AC > BC (2:1 ratio)
Weber Test:
- Tuning fork on head, sound should be equal in both
ears
- Conductive loss: sound louder in affected ear
- Sensorineural loss: sound louder in unaffected ear
Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) - Sensorineural loss that affects the middle ear
structures or causes damage to nerve cells in the
inner ear or CN VIII
- Accentuated with competing background noise
Eye diseases in the aging adult Cataracts:
- Clouding in the lens due to UV, smoking, diabetes,
obesity
Diabetic Retinopathy:
- Leading cause of blindness in working age adults
- Macular edema and new nonfunctional blood
vessels
Glaucoma:
- Increased intraocular pressure leads to optic
nerve damage
- Gradual peripheral loss then central vision loss
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Central vision loss
- Drusen (yellow deposits) and neovascularization in
the macula
