THEORIES OF PERSONALITY FINAL EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Punishment motivates transgressors to flaunt bad behavior.
Answer: Three of the four answers below are among the reasons
that punishers have to be careful when meting out punishments.
Which is the erroneous answer?
◉ Behavior. Answer: A person's environment is a direct result of her
behavior.
◉ Reciprocal determinism. Answer: According to Bandura, the idea
that persons, their environments, and their behaviors all affect each
other in a constantly ongoing series of interactions.
◉ Efficacy expectations. Answer: Advertising slogans like 'Just Do It'
and 'You Can Do It!' relate to this incarnation of social learning
theory.
◉ Rewards and punishments. Answer: Parents, teachers, and bosses
can prevent some behaviors by using these.
,◉ Reinforcement; punishment. Answer: If an animal or a person's
behavior is followed by a reinforcement, the behavior becomes more
likely. If the behavior is followed by a punishment, it becomes less
likely.
◉ Learned helplessness. Answer: You feel fear when you have
reason to think that danger is impending and you know what the
danger is. Anxiety, on the other hand, comes about when the source
of danger is unclear or when you have no idea when the danger
might actually arrive.
◉ Expectancy value theory. Answer: Before asking a cute classmate
out for a date, you weigh your odds: What are the chances I will be
rebuffed, as opposed to those that I will win a date?
◉ Habituation. Answer: Many of us have gradually become less
moved by the graphic violence in movies and video games. In this,
we are experiencing a kind of learning called habituation.
◉ Behavior changes as the result of experience. Answer: Two stimuli
repeatedly experienced together will eventually elicit the same
response. Additionally, behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes
tend to be repeated, while those followed by unpleasant outcomes
tend to be dropped.
, ◉ Respondent conditioning; operant conditioning. Answer:
Respondent conditioning implies a kind of passive response with no
impact of its own; operant conditioning is when an animal
(including humans) learns to operate in its world in such a way as to
change it.
◉ Drive. Answer: A state of psychological tension that feels good
when the tension is reduced.
◉ Primary drives; Secondary drives. Answer: Primary drives include
those for food, water, physical comfort, avoidance of physical pain,
sexual gratification, and so on. Secondary drives include positive
drives for love, prestige, money, and power, as well as the avoidance
of fear or humiliation.
◉ Environment. Answer: In the context of behavioral psychology,
environment refers to the rewards and punishments an individual
experiences in the physical and social world.
◉ Observational learning. Answer: Learning a behavior vicariously,
by seeing someone else do it, is called observational learning.
◉ Frustration-aggression hypothesis. Answer: This dimension of
social learning theory seems to correspond very closely with Freud's
idea of displacement.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Punishment motivates transgressors to flaunt bad behavior.
Answer: Three of the four answers below are among the reasons
that punishers have to be careful when meting out punishments.
Which is the erroneous answer?
◉ Behavior. Answer: A person's environment is a direct result of her
behavior.
◉ Reciprocal determinism. Answer: According to Bandura, the idea
that persons, their environments, and their behaviors all affect each
other in a constantly ongoing series of interactions.
◉ Efficacy expectations. Answer: Advertising slogans like 'Just Do It'
and 'You Can Do It!' relate to this incarnation of social learning
theory.
◉ Rewards and punishments. Answer: Parents, teachers, and bosses
can prevent some behaviors by using these.
,◉ Reinforcement; punishment. Answer: If an animal or a person's
behavior is followed by a reinforcement, the behavior becomes more
likely. If the behavior is followed by a punishment, it becomes less
likely.
◉ Learned helplessness. Answer: You feel fear when you have
reason to think that danger is impending and you know what the
danger is. Anxiety, on the other hand, comes about when the source
of danger is unclear or when you have no idea when the danger
might actually arrive.
◉ Expectancy value theory. Answer: Before asking a cute classmate
out for a date, you weigh your odds: What are the chances I will be
rebuffed, as opposed to those that I will win a date?
◉ Habituation. Answer: Many of us have gradually become less
moved by the graphic violence in movies and video games. In this,
we are experiencing a kind of learning called habituation.
◉ Behavior changes as the result of experience. Answer: Two stimuli
repeatedly experienced together will eventually elicit the same
response. Additionally, behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes
tend to be repeated, while those followed by unpleasant outcomes
tend to be dropped.
, ◉ Respondent conditioning; operant conditioning. Answer:
Respondent conditioning implies a kind of passive response with no
impact of its own; operant conditioning is when an animal
(including humans) learns to operate in its world in such a way as to
change it.
◉ Drive. Answer: A state of psychological tension that feels good
when the tension is reduced.
◉ Primary drives; Secondary drives. Answer: Primary drives include
those for food, water, physical comfort, avoidance of physical pain,
sexual gratification, and so on. Secondary drives include positive
drives for love, prestige, money, and power, as well as the avoidance
of fear or humiliation.
◉ Environment. Answer: In the context of behavioral psychology,
environment refers to the rewards and punishments an individual
experiences in the physical and social world.
◉ Observational learning. Answer: Learning a behavior vicariously,
by seeing someone else do it, is called observational learning.
◉ Frustration-aggression hypothesis. Answer: This dimension of
social learning theory seems to correspond very closely with Freud's
idea of displacement.
