TTU ZOOL 2403 EXAM 2 2026 STUDY
GUIDE TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ Answer: motor; sensory
◉ white matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ Answer: axons; cell
bodies
◉ Spinal Meninges (three layers) Answer: dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
◉ Spinal Meninges functions Answer: protect spinal cord and provide it
with oxygen and nurtrients
◉ where is CSF Answer: in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and
pia mater)
◉ CSF provides spinal cord with: Answer: physical and chemical
protection
◉ As you go down the spinal cord, the ____ white matter Answer: less
◉ conus medullaris Answer: caudal end of spinal cord; CNS
,◉ cauda equina Answer: spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris; only
contains axons; PNS
◉ divisions of spinal cord (CNS) Answer: gray matter and white matter
◉ Gray Matter Answer: composed of neuron cell bodies
◉ dorsal gray matter Answer: cell bodies of sensory neurons receive and
sum signals from PNS sensory neurons
◉ ventral gray matter Answer: cell bodies of motor neurons receive and
sum signals from brain motor neurons
◉ white matter Answer: contains ascending and descending fiber
(AXON) pathways
◉ ascending pathways Answer: relays sensory info from spinal cord to
brain
◉ descending pathways Answer: relays motor info from brain to spinal
cord
◉ spinal nerve divisions Answer: dorsal root and ventral root
◉ dorsal root Answer: contains axons
, cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
carry sensory info from peripheral receptors to spinal cord
◉ ventral root Answer: contains axons
cell bodies are in spinal cord
carry motor info from spinal cord to muscles
◉ spinal nerves travel through ____ Answer: intervertebral foramen
◉ spinal nerves are surrounded by ____ Answer: connective tissue
wrappings
◉ epineurium Answer: outermost layer; surrounds entire spinal nerve;
dense irregular CT
◉ perineurium Answer: wraps axons into fasicles; dense irregular CT
◉ endoneurium Answer: surround Shwann cell; loose CT
◉ lesion of spinal nerve= ____ nerves affected Answer: sensory and
motor
◉ lesion of dorsal root=___ axons affected Answer: sensory
GUIDE TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ Answer: motor; sensory
◉ white matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ Answer: axons; cell
bodies
◉ Spinal Meninges (three layers) Answer: dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
◉ Spinal Meninges functions Answer: protect spinal cord and provide it
with oxygen and nurtrients
◉ where is CSF Answer: in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and
pia mater)
◉ CSF provides spinal cord with: Answer: physical and chemical
protection
◉ As you go down the spinal cord, the ____ white matter Answer: less
◉ conus medullaris Answer: caudal end of spinal cord; CNS
,◉ cauda equina Answer: spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris; only
contains axons; PNS
◉ divisions of spinal cord (CNS) Answer: gray matter and white matter
◉ Gray Matter Answer: composed of neuron cell bodies
◉ dorsal gray matter Answer: cell bodies of sensory neurons receive and
sum signals from PNS sensory neurons
◉ ventral gray matter Answer: cell bodies of motor neurons receive and
sum signals from brain motor neurons
◉ white matter Answer: contains ascending and descending fiber
(AXON) pathways
◉ ascending pathways Answer: relays sensory info from spinal cord to
brain
◉ descending pathways Answer: relays motor info from brain to spinal
cord
◉ spinal nerve divisions Answer: dorsal root and ventral root
◉ dorsal root Answer: contains axons
, cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
carry sensory info from peripheral receptors to spinal cord
◉ ventral root Answer: contains axons
cell bodies are in spinal cord
carry motor info from spinal cord to muscles
◉ spinal nerves travel through ____ Answer: intervertebral foramen
◉ spinal nerves are surrounded by ____ Answer: connective tissue
wrappings
◉ epineurium Answer: outermost layer; surrounds entire spinal nerve;
dense irregular CT
◉ perineurium Answer: wraps axons into fasicles; dense irregular CT
◉ endoneurium Answer: surround Shwann cell; loose CT
◉ lesion of spinal nerve= ____ nerves affected Answer: sensory and
motor
◉ lesion of dorsal root=___ axons affected Answer: sensory
