NUR 452 Exam 3 Questions and All
Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
Primary prevention - Answer Prevent problems from ever occurring (disease is not present)
Activities include
Education and immunization
Secondary prevention - Answer Early detection and intervention (early Dx and Tx)
Disease is present in its early stages or there is a risk for a disease or injury
Tertiary prevention - Answer Minimize disease complications, injury and disability after the
disease is present in advance stages
Activities include management of the disease
Rehabilitation: cardiac rehab, physical therapy
Medications: to treat chronic conditions
Upstream and downstream approaches - Answer Upstream interventions and strategies
focus on improving fundamental social and economic structures in order to decrease barriers
and improve supports that allow people to achieve their full health potential.
downstream approach is dealing one on one with an individual who is sick or injured using the.
biomedical approach to care. Upstream Approach. The Upstream or population health approach
to services focuses on entire population by eradicating the source of the problem.
Core functions of public health - Answer Assessment
Collect data, analyze and share with public
Policy development
Use data to develop policies that directs resources to address problems
Assurance
Promote availability of health services throughout the community
Medicare and Medicaid - Answer Passed by US Congress in 1965 as a Social Security
Amendment
First public financing for healthcare
Federal health insurance
Eligibility
, Persons over age 65, people with end-stage kidney disease, disabled
Funded by workers through payroll deductions while working
Part A: Hospital insurance
Hospital insurance pays inpatient care, skilled nursing facilities, hospice care, and some home
health care
No monthly premium but has a copay (Medicare pays 80% of the bill and the individual pays the
remaining 20%)
Automatically eligible once turned 65
Part B: Supplementary and Voluntary
Purchased with monthly premium
Medical insurance: helps pay for physician services, hospital outpatient care, durable medical
equipment, and preventative services
Part D:
Prescription benefit plan with a monthly premium
Also passed by US Congress in 1966 as another Social Security Amendment
Joint funding of federal and state governments but administered by states
In Maine: Medicaid is aka Mainecare
Eligibility based on federal poverty level (FPL)
Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded eligibility to income up to 138% of FPL
Fee for service, prospective payment, and pay for service - Answer Reimburse after service is
delivered
Abused through the requesting and ordering of unnecessary tests
Encouraged sickness rather than wellness
External authority sets rates
Diagnostic related groups (DRG)
Rates derived from predictions set in advance
Fixed rates rather than the actual cost of service
Imposes constraints on spending
Providers at risk for losses or surpluses
(P4P) (value based reimbursement)
Reimbursement is tied to patient outcomes, best practice and patient satisfaction
Uses FFS and aligns value with quality
Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
Primary prevention - Answer Prevent problems from ever occurring (disease is not present)
Activities include
Education and immunization
Secondary prevention - Answer Early detection and intervention (early Dx and Tx)
Disease is present in its early stages or there is a risk for a disease or injury
Tertiary prevention - Answer Minimize disease complications, injury and disability after the
disease is present in advance stages
Activities include management of the disease
Rehabilitation: cardiac rehab, physical therapy
Medications: to treat chronic conditions
Upstream and downstream approaches - Answer Upstream interventions and strategies
focus on improving fundamental social and economic structures in order to decrease barriers
and improve supports that allow people to achieve their full health potential.
downstream approach is dealing one on one with an individual who is sick or injured using the.
biomedical approach to care. Upstream Approach. The Upstream or population health approach
to services focuses on entire population by eradicating the source of the problem.
Core functions of public health - Answer Assessment
Collect data, analyze and share with public
Policy development
Use data to develop policies that directs resources to address problems
Assurance
Promote availability of health services throughout the community
Medicare and Medicaid - Answer Passed by US Congress in 1965 as a Social Security
Amendment
First public financing for healthcare
Federal health insurance
Eligibility
, Persons over age 65, people with end-stage kidney disease, disabled
Funded by workers through payroll deductions while working
Part A: Hospital insurance
Hospital insurance pays inpatient care, skilled nursing facilities, hospice care, and some home
health care
No monthly premium but has a copay (Medicare pays 80% of the bill and the individual pays the
remaining 20%)
Automatically eligible once turned 65
Part B: Supplementary and Voluntary
Purchased with monthly premium
Medical insurance: helps pay for physician services, hospital outpatient care, durable medical
equipment, and preventative services
Part D:
Prescription benefit plan with a monthly premium
Also passed by US Congress in 1966 as another Social Security Amendment
Joint funding of federal and state governments but administered by states
In Maine: Medicaid is aka Mainecare
Eligibility based on federal poverty level (FPL)
Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded eligibility to income up to 138% of FPL
Fee for service, prospective payment, and pay for service - Answer Reimburse after service is
delivered
Abused through the requesting and ordering of unnecessary tests
Encouraged sickness rather than wellness
External authority sets rates
Diagnostic related groups (DRG)
Rates derived from predictions set in advance
Fixed rates rather than the actual cost of service
Imposes constraints on spending
Providers at risk for losses or surpluses
(P4P) (value based reimbursement)
Reimbursement is tied to patient outcomes, best practice and patient satisfaction
Uses FFS and aligns value with quality
