capstone exam 1 practice questions
latest exam review 2026
A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. The
nurse should plan which actions as a priority? Select all that apply.
1. place the client on a cardiac monitor
2. notify the HCP
3. put the client on NPO status except for ice chips
4. review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain potassium
concentration - correct answer ✅
5. allow an extra 500 mL of intravenous fluid intake to dilute the electrolyte
1. place the client on a cardiac monitor
2. notify the HCP
4. review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain potassium
A client being hemodialyzed suddenly becomes short of breath and complains of
chest pain. The client is tachycardic, place, and anxious and the nurse suspects air
embolism. What are the priority nursing actions? Select all that apply.
1. administer oxygen to the client
2. continue dialysis at a slower rate after checking the lines for air
3. notify the HCP and RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head lower than feet
correct answer ✅
5. bolus the client with 500 mL of normal saline to break up the air embolus -
1. administer oxygen to the client
3. notify the HCP and RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head lower than feet
,capstone exam 1 practice questions
latest exam review 2026
A client arrives at the emergency department with complaints of low abdominal
pain and hematuria. The client is afebrile. The nurse next assess the client to
determine a history of which condition?
1. pyelonephritis
2. glomerulonephritis
✅
3. trauma to the bladder or abdomen
4. renal cancer in the client's family - correct answer 3. trauma to the bladder
or abdomen
The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options with a client with
symptomatic polycystic kidney disease. Which treatment should be included in
this discussion? Select all that apply.
1. hemodialysis
2. peritoneal dialysis
3. kidney transplant
✅
4. bilateral nephrectomy
5. intense immunosuppression therapy - correct answer 1. hemodialysis
3. kidney transplant
4. bilateral nephrectomy
A client is admitted to the ED following a fall from a horse and the HCP prescribes
insertion of a urinary catheter. While preparing for the procedure, the nurse notes
blood at the urinary meatus. The nurse should take which action?
1. notify the HCP before performing the catheterization
2. use a small-sized catheter and an anesthetic gel as a lubricant
,capstone exam 1 practice questions
latest exam review 2026
3. administer parenteral pain medication before inserting the catheter
correct answer ✅
4. clean the meatus with soap and water before opening the catheterization kit -
1. notify the HCP before performing the catheterization
The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm arteriovenous fistula prior
to initiating hemodialysis. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent?
1. palpation of a thrill over the fistula
2. presence of a radial pulse in the left wrist
3. visualization of enlarged blood vessels at the fistula site
- correct answer ✅
4. capillary refill less than 3 seconds in the nail beds of the fingers on the left hand
1. palpation of a thrill over the fistula
A male client ha a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse should assess the
client for which manifestation of the disorder?
1. hematuria and pyuria
2. dysuria and proteinuria
✅
3. hematuria and urgency
4. dysuria and penile discharge - correct answer 4. dysuria and penile
discharge
The nurse is assessing a client with epididymitis. The nurse anticipates which
findings on physical examination?
1. fever, diarrhea, groin pain, and ecchymosis
2. nausea, painful scrotal edema, and ecchymosis
3. fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
, capstone exam 1 practice questions
latest exam review 2026
✅
4. diarrhea, groin pain, testicular torsion, and scrotal edema - correct answer
3. fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
A client complains of fever, perineal pain, and urinary urgency, frequency, and
dysuria. To assess whether the client's problem is related to bacterial prostatitis,
the nurse reviews the results of the prostate examination for which characteristic
of this disorder?
1. soft and swollen prostate gland
2. swollen and boggy prostate gland
3. tender and edematous prostate gland
✅
4. tender indurated prostate gland that is warm to the touch - correct answer
4. tender indurated prostate gland that is warm to the touch
The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom described by the client
is characteristic of an early symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
1. nocturia
2. scrotal edema
✅
3. occasional constipation
4. decreased force in the stream of urine - correct answer 4. decreased force in
the stream of urine
The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the client's
outflow is less than the inflow. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all
that apply.
1. check the level of the drainage bag
2. reposition the client to his or her side
latest exam review 2026
A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. The
nurse should plan which actions as a priority? Select all that apply.
1. place the client on a cardiac monitor
2. notify the HCP
3. put the client on NPO status except for ice chips
4. review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain potassium
concentration - correct answer ✅
5. allow an extra 500 mL of intravenous fluid intake to dilute the electrolyte
1. place the client on a cardiac monitor
2. notify the HCP
4. review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain potassium
A client being hemodialyzed suddenly becomes short of breath and complains of
chest pain. The client is tachycardic, place, and anxious and the nurse suspects air
embolism. What are the priority nursing actions? Select all that apply.
1. administer oxygen to the client
2. continue dialysis at a slower rate after checking the lines for air
3. notify the HCP and RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head lower than feet
correct answer ✅
5. bolus the client with 500 mL of normal saline to break up the air embolus -
1. administer oxygen to the client
3. notify the HCP and RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head lower than feet
,capstone exam 1 practice questions
latest exam review 2026
A client arrives at the emergency department with complaints of low abdominal
pain and hematuria. The client is afebrile. The nurse next assess the client to
determine a history of which condition?
1. pyelonephritis
2. glomerulonephritis
✅
3. trauma to the bladder or abdomen
4. renal cancer in the client's family - correct answer 3. trauma to the bladder
or abdomen
The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options with a client with
symptomatic polycystic kidney disease. Which treatment should be included in
this discussion? Select all that apply.
1. hemodialysis
2. peritoneal dialysis
3. kidney transplant
✅
4. bilateral nephrectomy
5. intense immunosuppression therapy - correct answer 1. hemodialysis
3. kidney transplant
4. bilateral nephrectomy
A client is admitted to the ED following a fall from a horse and the HCP prescribes
insertion of a urinary catheter. While preparing for the procedure, the nurse notes
blood at the urinary meatus. The nurse should take which action?
1. notify the HCP before performing the catheterization
2. use a small-sized catheter and an anesthetic gel as a lubricant
,capstone exam 1 practice questions
latest exam review 2026
3. administer parenteral pain medication before inserting the catheter
correct answer ✅
4. clean the meatus with soap and water before opening the catheterization kit -
1. notify the HCP before performing the catheterization
The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm arteriovenous fistula prior
to initiating hemodialysis. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent?
1. palpation of a thrill over the fistula
2. presence of a radial pulse in the left wrist
3. visualization of enlarged blood vessels at the fistula site
- correct answer ✅
4. capillary refill less than 3 seconds in the nail beds of the fingers on the left hand
1. palpation of a thrill over the fistula
A male client ha a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse should assess the
client for which manifestation of the disorder?
1. hematuria and pyuria
2. dysuria and proteinuria
✅
3. hematuria and urgency
4. dysuria and penile discharge - correct answer 4. dysuria and penile
discharge
The nurse is assessing a client with epididymitis. The nurse anticipates which
findings on physical examination?
1. fever, diarrhea, groin pain, and ecchymosis
2. nausea, painful scrotal edema, and ecchymosis
3. fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
, capstone exam 1 practice questions
latest exam review 2026
✅
4. diarrhea, groin pain, testicular torsion, and scrotal edema - correct answer
3. fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
A client complains of fever, perineal pain, and urinary urgency, frequency, and
dysuria. To assess whether the client's problem is related to bacterial prostatitis,
the nurse reviews the results of the prostate examination for which characteristic
of this disorder?
1. soft and swollen prostate gland
2. swollen and boggy prostate gland
3. tender and edematous prostate gland
✅
4. tender indurated prostate gland that is warm to the touch - correct answer
4. tender indurated prostate gland that is warm to the touch
The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom described by the client
is characteristic of an early symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
1. nocturia
2. scrotal edema
✅
3. occasional constipation
4. decreased force in the stream of urine - correct answer 4. decreased force in
the stream of urine
The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the client's
outflow is less than the inflow. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all
that apply.
1. check the level of the drainage bag
2. reposition the client to his or her side
