1
NR 304 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE /
NR304 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
- Hypovolemic Shock
Volume depletion; plasma of the blood is too low
S/s-
a. Dehydration
b. Dizziness
c. Fainting
d. Fatigue
e. Thirst
f. Weakness
g. Nausea
h. Vomiting
i. Tachycardia
j. Insufficient urine production
k. Mental confusion
l. Pallor
m. Sleepiness
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein occluded by a thrombus
Inflammation, blocked venous return, cyanosis, edema
Virchow triad- stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfxn
Causes- prolonged rest, history of varicose veins, trauma,
infection, cancer, obesity, immobility, heart failure, estrogen
hormone use, smoking
S/s- intense, sharp, deep calf pain; warmth, swelling, redness,
dependent cyanosis, tender to palpation
, 2
Wells criteria
- Vitals on Infants and Toddlers
Respirations pulse temperature
Rectal temperature w/ infants
Tympanic or temporal w/ toddlers
Pulse- palpate or auscultate an apical rate
Respirations- watch infants abdomen for diaphragmatic
respirations; sleeping rate most accurate
a. Neonate = 30-40 bpm
b. 1 y/o = 20-40 bpm
c. 2 y/o = 25-32 bpm
Blood Pressure- annual BP 3 y/o and up; most common error
is wrong size cuff; crying stopped for 5-10 mins before
measuring
- Peripheral Artery Disease
Affects noncoronary arteries supplying the limbs; usually
caused by atherosclerosis
More men have PAD than women
S/s- coolness in skin, weak thready pulse
Ankle-Brachial Index of 0.9 or lower = PAD
Beginning vs end stage?
- COPD
Obstruction of air flow
S/s- barrel chest, wheezing, decreased breath sounds,
accessory muscle use, clubbing, paradoxical pulse
A-P diameter = transverse
- Contact Dermatitis
Local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment
or an allergy
S/s- erythema, swelling, wheals (urticaria), maculopapular
vesicles, scales, intense pruritus
Can be caused by poison ivy
, 3
Vaginal-
a. Red, swollen vesicles
b. Weeping of lesions
c. Crusts
d. Scales
e. Thickening of skin
f. Excoriations from scratching
g. Pruritus
Diaper Dermatitis-
a. Red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined
borders in the diaper area,
b. Extending along inguinal and gluteal folds
c. History of infrequent diaper changes or occlusive
coverings
d. Inflammatory disease caused by skin irritation from
ammonia, heat, moisture, occlusive diapers.
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)-
a. Erythematous papules and vesicles, with weeping,
oozing, and crust
b. Lesions usually on scalp, forehead, cheeks, forearms,
and wrist, elbows, back of knees
c. Paroxysmal and severe pruritis
d. Family history of allergies
- Pursed Lip Breathing
Inhaling through the nose and exhaling through pursed lips
Lips are puckered when exhaling
Helps the airways stay open during exhalation
- Emphysema
Caused by destruction of pulmonary connective tissue;
permanent enlargement of the air sacs distal to terminal
bronchioles and rupture of interalveolar walls; increased
NR 304 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE /
NR304 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
- Hypovolemic Shock
Volume depletion; plasma of the blood is too low
S/s-
a. Dehydration
b. Dizziness
c. Fainting
d. Fatigue
e. Thirst
f. Weakness
g. Nausea
h. Vomiting
i. Tachycardia
j. Insufficient urine production
k. Mental confusion
l. Pallor
m. Sleepiness
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein occluded by a thrombus
Inflammation, blocked venous return, cyanosis, edema
Virchow triad- stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfxn
Causes- prolonged rest, history of varicose veins, trauma,
infection, cancer, obesity, immobility, heart failure, estrogen
hormone use, smoking
S/s- intense, sharp, deep calf pain; warmth, swelling, redness,
dependent cyanosis, tender to palpation
, 2
Wells criteria
- Vitals on Infants and Toddlers
Respirations pulse temperature
Rectal temperature w/ infants
Tympanic or temporal w/ toddlers
Pulse- palpate or auscultate an apical rate
Respirations- watch infants abdomen for diaphragmatic
respirations; sleeping rate most accurate
a. Neonate = 30-40 bpm
b. 1 y/o = 20-40 bpm
c. 2 y/o = 25-32 bpm
Blood Pressure- annual BP 3 y/o and up; most common error
is wrong size cuff; crying stopped for 5-10 mins before
measuring
- Peripheral Artery Disease
Affects noncoronary arteries supplying the limbs; usually
caused by atherosclerosis
More men have PAD than women
S/s- coolness in skin, weak thready pulse
Ankle-Brachial Index of 0.9 or lower = PAD
Beginning vs end stage?
- COPD
Obstruction of air flow
S/s- barrel chest, wheezing, decreased breath sounds,
accessory muscle use, clubbing, paradoxical pulse
A-P diameter = transverse
- Contact Dermatitis
Local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment
or an allergy
S/s- erythema, swelling, wheals (urticaria), maculopapular
vesicles, scales, intense pruritus
Can be caused by poison ivy
, 3
Vaginal-
a. Red, swollen vesicles
b. Weeping of lesions
c. Crusts
d. Scales
e. Thickening of skin
f. Excoriations from scratching
g. Pruritus
Diaper Dermatitis-
a. Red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined
borders in the diaper area,
b. Extending along inguinal and gluteal folds
c. History of infrequent diaper changes or occlusive
coverings
d. Inflammatory disease caused by skin irritation from
ammonia, heat, moisture, occlusive diapers.
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)-
a. Erythematous papules and vesicles, with weeping,
oozing, and crust
b. Lesions usually on scalp, forehead, cheeks, forearms,
and wrist, elbows, back of knees
c. Paroxysmal and severe pruritis
d. Family history of allergies
- Pursed Lip Breathing
Inhaling through the nose and exhaling through pursed lips
Lips are puckered when exhaling
Helps the airways stay open during exhalation
- Emphysema
Caused by destruction of pulmonary connective tissue;
permanent enlargement of the air sacs distal to terminal
bronchioles and rupture of interalveolar walls; increased
