SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, MEDICAL
BIOPHYSICS - FINAL EXAM
ACTUAL(UPDATED 2026) QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS|| BRAND
NEW!!!
1. What is the primary structure of the cell membrane?
A. Protein bilayer
B. Phospholipid bilayer
C. Carbohydrate matrix
D. DNA layer
Answer: B
Rationale: The membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer where hydrophilic heads face
outward and hydrophobic tails face inward, creating a stable barrier.
2. Which transport mechanism requires ATP?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
Answer: C
Rationale: Active transport moves substances against their gradient, requiring energy (ATP),
unlike passive transport.
3. Osmosis is the movement of:
A. Solutes
B. Water
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis specifically refers to water moving across a semipermeable membrane
toward higher solute concentration.
,4. Facilitated diffusion requires:
A. ATP
B. Carrier proteins
C. Heat
D. Pressure
Answer: B
Rationale: It uses membrane proteins to help substances cross without energy.
5. The Na⁺/K⁺ pump moves:
A. 3 Na⁺ in, 2 K⁺ out
B. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C. Equal exchange
D. Only Na⁺
Answer: B
Rationale: This pump maintains electrochemical gradients essential for nerve function.
6. Resting membrane potential is approximately:
A. +70 mV
B. 0 mV
C. -70 mV
D. -120 mV
Answer: C
Rationale: Due to ion distribution and membrane permeability, cells maintain about −70 mV.
7. Diffusion occurs due to:
A. ATP
B. Concentration gradient
C. Pressure only
D. Voltage only
Answer: B
Rationale: Molecules move from high to low concentration passively.
, 8. A hypertonic solution causes a cell to:
A. Swell
B. Shrink
C. Burst
D. Stay unchanged
Answer: B
Rationale: Water leaves the cell, causing shrinkage.
9. An isotonic solution results in:
A. Swelling
B. Shrinking
C. No net movement
D. Bursting
Answer: C
Rationale: Equal solute concentration prevents net water movement.
10. Membrane permeability is highest for:
A. Large polar molecules
B. Small nonpolar molecules
C. Ions
D. Proteins
Answer: B
Rationale: Small nonpolar molecules pass easily through lipid bilayer.
11. Ion channels allow movement of ions via:
A. Active transport
B. Passive diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ions move down electrochemical gradients through channels.
12. The electrochemical gradient includes:
A. Pressure only
BIOPHYSICS - FINAL EXAM
ACTUAL(UPDATED 2026) QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS|| BRAND
NEW!!!
1. What is the primary structure of the cell membrane?
A. Protein bilayer
B. Phospholipid bilayer
C. Carbohydrate matrix
D. DNA layer
Answer: B
Rationale: The membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer where hydrophilic heads face
outward and hydrophobic tails face inward, creating a stable barrier.
2. Which transport mechanism requires ATP?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
Answer: C
Rationale: Active transport moves substances against their gradient, requiring energy (ATP),
unlike passive transport.
3. Osmosis is the movement of:
A. Solutes
B. Water
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis specifically refers to water moving across a semipermeable membrane
toward higher solute concentration.
,4. Facilitated diffusion requires:
A. ATP
B. Carrier proteins
C. Heat
D. Pressure
Answer: B
Rationale: It uses membrane proteins to help substances cross without energy.
5. The Na⁺/K⁺ pump moves:
A. 3 Na⁺ in, 2 K⁺ out
B. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C. Equal exchange
D. Only Na⁺
Answer: B
Rationale: This pump maintains electrochemical gradients essential for nerve function.
6. Resting membrane potential is approximately:
A. +70 mV
B. 0 mV
C. -70 mV
D. -120 mV
Answer: C
Rationale: Due to ion distribution and membrane permeability, cells maintain about −70 mV.
7. Diffusion occurs due to:
A. ATP
B. Concentration gradient
C. Pressure only
D. Voltage only
Answer: B
Rationale: Molecules move from high to low concentration passively.
, 8. A hypertonic solution causes a cell to:
A. Swell
B. Shrink
C. Burst
D. Stay unchanged
Answer: B
Rationale: Water leaves the cell, causing shrinkage.
9. An isotonic solution results in:
A. Swelling
B. Shrinking
C. No net movement
D. Bursting
Answer: C
Rationale: Equal solute concentration prevents net water movement.
10. Membrane permeability is highest for:
A. Large polar molecules
B. Small nonpolar molecules
C. Ions
D. Proteins
Answer: B
Rationale: Small nonpolar molecules pass easily through lipid bilayer.
11. Ion channels allow movement of ions via:
A. Active transport
B. Passive diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ions move down electrochemical gradients through channels.
12. The electrochemical gradient includes:
A. Pressure only
