ATR 257 Exam 1,2&3 LATEST EXAM
WITH DIFFERENT VERSIONS WITH 350
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A
Inflammation - ANSWER>>redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor),
warmth (calor), loss of function (function laesa)
Acute Inflammatory Response - ANSWER>>lasts 3-5 days
Steps: injury, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, swelling, increase vascular
permeability, more swelling, healing cells arrive, inflammation,
phagocytosis
Vasoconstriction - ANSWER>>blood vessel constriction; results in
decreased blood flow to the area of injury; lasts for 5-10 minutes
Secondary Hypoxic Injury - ANSWER>>death od healthy cells due to
decreased oxygen supply
Vasodilation - ANSWER>>blood vessels dilation; results in more blood
coming into the injured area; 2x diameter = 4x blood flow; increased blood
flow results in swelling
Repair & Remodeling Phase - ANSWER>>overlaps AIR; lasts for weeks to
months depending on injury severity
Maturation Phase - ANSWER>>final step; overlaps R&R; lasts for months
to a year or more
Management of Injury - ANSWER>>immediate management is designed to
control AIR; RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Rest - ANSWER>>24 hrs
Absolute: no activity
Relative: no strenuous activity
,Ice - ANSWER>>directly to injury for 12-20 minutes for 72-100 hrs
following injury; never apply chemical cold pack directly to skin
Compression - ANSWER>>wrap from distal to proximal; pressure gradient
decreases as wrap moves proximally; remove for sleep
Elevation - ANSWER>>above heart; gravity causes swelling; called a
gravity dependent position
1st Priority: Immediate Life Threatening? - ANSWER>>Use LOC-ABC
LOC?
difficult respiration?
difficult circulation?
Determining level of Consciousness - ANSWER>>AVPU
pt. Alert, responds to Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus,
Unresponsive
Determining status of Respiration & Circulation - ANSWER>>ABC
Airway: head tilt, chin lift
Breathing: chest rise, listen, feel breath on cheek
Circulation: check pulse & major bleeding
All coaches should know? - ANSWER>>First Aid & CPR
Rescue breaths: 1 br / 5 sec
CPR: cont. compr. for 1 min
Consc. choking: encourage coughing
Unconsc. choking: 30 abd. thrusts & 2 br.
2nd Priority: Potentially Life Threatening? - ANSWER>>major bleeding?
abnormal BP? abn. pulse? abn. respiration? abn. temp?
3rd Priority: Limb Threatening? - ANSWER>>major bleeding? loss of distal
pulse? loss of distal sensation?
4th Priority: Non-life/limb Threatening - ANSWER>>Secondary survey:
vitals, other E! signs, head to toe eval, SAMPLE history
Pulse - ANSWER>>normal resting = 80
,take distal of injury (presense, rate, quality); DON'T use thumb
Respiration - ANSWER>>normal resting= 12-14
hand on back & count rise & fall (presence, rate, quality)
Blood Pressure - ANSWER>>normal resting= 120/80
BP cuff on R arm
high BP above 130/90
Pupil Response - ANSWER>>PERRL
Pupils should be Equal, Round, & Reactive to Light
Skin - ANSWER>>consistent color, assess temp. w/ back of hand & should
be consistent, temp. should= 98.6*F via oral themometer
Head to Toe Evaluation - ANSWER>>blood or fluid from nose/ears, major
bleeding, obvious deformity, swelling, skin wounds, discoloration
(ecchymosis)
Distal Pulse, Capillary Refill, Sensation, & Motor Function @ all 4
Extremities - ANSWER>>~upper ext.= radial pulse
~lower ext.= posterior tibial pulse (behind medial ankle bone)
~push on a nail, should turn white then return to normal color w/in 1-2 sec
after release
~can feel you touch them
~an they wiggle F&T
Order of Care - ANSWER>>control bleeding by severity, cover wounds,
splint as it lies areas of deformity, prepare to treat for shock (keep warm &
no fluids), be prepared to give rescue breaths & CPR
SAMPLE history - ANSWER>>Symptoms: chief complaint
Allergies: meds, food, envi
Meds: current Rx or OTC meds
Previous Hx: similar events to pt or fam
Last meal: when?
Events preceding the injury: MOI
Activate EMS if - ANSWER>>problem exists w/ primary survey; "load and
go" situation
, Also activate EMS if - ANSWER>>problems w/ vitals, other E! signs, is
obvious deformity, loss of distal pulse, sensation, & motor func.
MOI - ANSWER>>mechanism of injury; how it occurs/action that caused it
Symptoms - ANSWER>>a complaint reported by the pt; subjective
Sign - ANSWER>>indicator of injury that can be measured; objective
Dx - ANSWER>>diagnosis; determination of the prob. based on entire eval;
AT's can make clinical Dx
Prognosis - ANSWER>>predicted outcome of injury
Syndrome - ANSWER>>collection of S&S
HOPS - ANSWER>>guides eval. process; History, Observation, Palpation,
Stress
History - ANSWER>>ask Q's of pt, relatives & ppl who might have
witnessed it; review med. records; incorporates present injury, Hx of past
injury, & relevant med. or fam. Hx; DO NOT put words in their mouth
Observation - ANSWER>>ALL things you see; should observe when pt is
aware & not; MOI? how does pt move? obvious deformity? discoloration?
swelling/effusion (swelling inside jt)? symmetry?
Palpation - ANSWER>>always take age & gender into account; goal is to
eval, NOT cause p!; bilateral (uninjured then injured); distal pulse 1st, then
every bone, then soft tissue; does cause p! ?
Stress - ANSWER>>application to specific tissues to assess integrity/func.;
goal to test integrity, NOT cause p!; bilateral; 1st bones, then muscles &
tendons, then ligaments, then specialized tissues, then nerves
Bones - ANSWER>>manual fx test: if bone hurts at all, assume fx; can
move a jt. & still have a fx
Muscles/Tendons - ANSWER>>AROM & PROM
WITH DIFFERENT VERSIONS WITH 350
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A
Inflammation - ANSWER>>redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor),
warmth (calor), loss of function (function laesa)
Acute Inflammatory Response - ANSWER>>lasts 3-5 days
Steps: injury, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, swelling, increase vascular
permeability, more swelling, healing cells arrive, inflammation,
phagocytosis
Vasoconstriction - ANSWER>>blood vessel constriction; results in
decreased blood flow to the area of injury; lasts for 5-10 minutes
Secondary Hypoxic Injury - ANSWER>>death od healthy cells due to
decreased oxygen supply
Vasodilation - ANSWER>>blood vessels dilation; results in more blood
coming into the injured area; 2x diameter = 4x blood flow; increased blood
flow results in swelling
Repair & Remodeling Phase - ANSWER>>overlaps AIR; lasts for weeks to
months depending on injury severity
Maturation Phase - ANSWER>>final step; overlaps R&R; lasts for months
to a year or more
Management of Injury - ANSWER>>immediate management is designed to
control AIR; RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Rest - ANSWER>>24 hrs
Absolute: no activity
Relative: no strenuous activity
,Ice - ANSWER>>directly to injury for 12-20 minutes for 72-100 hrs
following injury; never apply chemical cold pack directly to skin
Compression - ANSWER>>wrap from distal to proximal; pressure gradient
decreases as wrap moves proximally; remove for sleep
Elevation - ANSWER>>above heart; gravity causes swelling; called a
gravity dependent position
1st Priority: Immediate Life Threatening? - ANSWER>>Use LOC-ABC
LOC?
difficult respiration?
difficult circulation?
Determining level of Consciousness - ANSWER>>AVPU
pt. Alert, responds to Verbal stimulus, responds to Painful stimulus,
Unresponsive
Determining status of Respiration & Circulation - ANSWER>>ABC
Airway: head tilt, chin lift
Breathing: chest rise, listen, feel breath on cheek
Circulation: check pulse & major bleeding
All coaches should know? - ANSWER>>First Aid & CPR
Rescue breaths: 1 br / 5 sec
CPR: cont. compr. for 1 min
Consc. choking: encourage coughing
Unconsc. choking: 30 abd. thrusts & 2 br.
2nd Priority: Potentially Life Threatening? - ANSWER>>major bleeding?
abnormal BP? abn. pulse? abn. respiration? abn. temp?
3rd Priority: Limb Threatening? - ANSWER>>major bleeding? loss of distal
pulse? loss of distal sensation?
4th Priority: Non-life/limb Threatening - ANSWER>>Secondary survey:
vitals, other E! signs, head to toe eval, SAMPLE history
Pulse - ANSWER>>normal resting = 80
,take distal of injury (presense, rate, quality); DON'T use thumb
Respiration - ANSWER>>normal resting= 12-14
hand on back & count rise & fall (presence, rate, quality)
Blood Pressure - ANSWER>>normal resting= 120/80
BP cuff on R arm
high BP above 130/90
Pupil Response - ANSWER>>PERRL
Pupils should be Equal, Round, & Reactive to Light
Skin - ANSWER>>consistent color, assess temp. w/ back of hand & should
be consistent, temp. should= 98.6*F via oral themometer
Head to Toe Evaluation - ANSWER>>blood or fluid from nose/ears, major
bleeding, obvious deformity, swelling, skin wounds, discoloration
(ecchymosis)
Distal Pulse, Capillary Refill, Sensation, & Motor Function @ all 4
Extremities - ANSWER>>~upper ext.= radial pulse
~lower ext.= posterior tibial pulse (behind medial ankle bone)
~push on a nail, should turn white then return to normal color w/in 1-2 sec
after release
~can feel you touch them
~an they wiggle F&T
Order of Care - ANSWER>>control bleeding by severity, cover wounds,
splint as it lies areas of deformity, prepare to treat for shock (keep warm &
no fluids), be prepared to give rescue breaths & CPR
SAMPLE history - ANSWER>>Symptoms: chief complaint
Allergies: meds, food, envi
Meds: current Rx or OTC meds
Previous Hx: similar events to pt or fam
Last meal: when?
Events preceding the injury: MOI
Activate EMS if - ANSWER>>problem exists w/ primary survey; "load and
go" situation
, Also activate EMS if - ANSWER>>problems w/ vitals, other E! signs, is
obvious deformity, loss of distal pulse, sensation, & motor func.
MOI - ANSWER>>mechanism of injury; how it occurs/action that caused it
Symptoms - ANSWER>>a complaint reported by the pt; subjective
Sign - ANSWER>>indicator of injury that can be measured; objective
Dx - ANSWER>>diagnosis; determination of the prob. based on entire eval;
AT's can make clinical Dx
Prognosis - ANSWER>>predicted outcome of injury
Syndrome - ANSWER>>collection of S&S
HOPS - ANSWER>>guides eval. process; History, Observation, Palpation,
Stress
History - ANSWER>>ask Q's of pt, relatives & ppl who might have
witnessed it; review med. records; incorporates present injury, Hx of past
injury, & relevant med. or fam. Hx; DO NOT put words in their mouth
Observation - ANSWER>>ALL things you see; should observe when pt is
aware & not; MOI? how does pt move? obvious deformity? discoloration?
swelling/effusion (swelling inside jt)? symmetry?
Palpation - ANSWER>>always take age & gender into account; goal is to
eval, NOT cause p!; bilateral (uninjured then injured); distal pulse 1st, then
every bone, then soft tissue; does cause p! ?
Stress - ANSWER>>application to specific tissues to assess integrity/func.;
goal to test integrity, NOT cause p!; bilateral; 1st bones, then muscles &
tendons, then ligaments, then specialized tissues, then nerves
Bones - ANSWER>>manual fx test: if bone hurts at all, assume fx; can
move a jt. & still have a fx
Muscles/Tendons - ANSWER>>AROM & PROM
