Fundamentals of Laparoscopic
Surgery, FLS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Describe a monopolar energy route? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔-electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-cut
-coagulation
-blending
Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-heats tissue quickly > converts
water to steam > causes cells to explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-rapid surface heating
,What is current diversion and when does it occur? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-when current passes through
unintentional tissue following the path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing
laparoscopy? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-inspect insulation
carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
-do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
What is capacitative coupling? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
the transfer of energy within an electrical network or
between distant networks by means of displacement
current between circuit nodes, induced by the electric
field
What is direct coupling? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-the the
transfer of electrical energy by means of physical contact
via a conductive medium (such as between two
instruments)
,When is a narrow return circuit formed? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-when a monopolar instrument comes into
contact with a ligated tissue
Bipolar instruments can seal vessels up to what
diameter? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-7 mm
Hazards of using bipolar instruments? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-inadvertent thermal injury
-inadvertent cutting of patent before adequate sealing
-improper device function if metal is contained within the
jaws
The harmonic is an example of what type of device? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-piezoelectric transducer
The use of all plastic or all metal trocars can avoid which
problem during electrosurgery? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔-capacitative coupling
Surgeons should have their arms how many degrees
away from their body? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-30
degrees
, Elbows should be flexed between...? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-60 to 120 degrees
Consideration for patients on steroids or
immunosuppressive drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
may need stress dosing
When should warfarin be discontinued before surgery? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-three days
Any proof that NSAIDs need to be discontinued before
surgery? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-no
ASA class one? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-no disturbance
ASA class two? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-mild to
moderate systemic disease
ASA class three? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-severe
systemic disease
What patients may not be suitable for LSC surgery? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-ASA 4 and 5
Surgery, FLS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Describe a monopolar energy route? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔-electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-cut
-coagulation
-blending
Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-heats tissue quickly > converts
water to steam > causes cells to explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-rapid surface heating
,What is current diversion and when does it occur? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-when current passes through
unintentional tissue following the path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing
laparoscopy? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-inspect insulation
carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
-do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
What is capacitative coupling? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
the transfer of energy within an electrical network or
between distant networks by means of displacement
current between circuit nodes, induced by the electric
field
What is direct coupling? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-the the
transfer of electrical energy by means of physical contact
via a conductive medium (such as between two
instruments)
,When is a narrow return circuit formed? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-when a monopolar instrument comes into
contact with a ligated tissue
Bipolar instruments can seal vessels up to what
diameter? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-7 mm
Hazards of using bipolar instruments? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-inadvertent thermal injury
-inadvertent cutting of patent before adequate sealing
-improper device function if metal is contained within the
jaws
The harmonic is an example of what type of device? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-piezoelectric transducer
The use of all plastic or all metal trocars can avoid which
problem during electrosurgery? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔-capacitative coupling
Surgeons should have their arms how many degrees
away from their body? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-30
degrees
, Elbows should be flexed between...? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔-60 to 120 degrees
Consideration for patients on steroids or
immunosuppressive drugs? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
may need stress dosing
When should warfarin be discontinued before surgery? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-three days
Any proof that NSAIDs need to be discontinued before
surgery? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-no
ASA class one? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-no disturbance
ASA class two? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-mild to
moderate systemic disease
ASA class three? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-severe
systemic disease
What patients may not be suitable for LSC surgery? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-ASA 4 and 5
