PHM 104 Final Exam Questions With
Verified Answers
prostacyclin derivatives, endothelin antagonists, activators of soluble guanylate
cyclase, PDE5 inhibitors - ANSWER drugs used to treat PAH
Uptravi - ANSWER prostacyclin derivative
MOA of Uptravi - ANSWER vasodilation, antiproliferative, inhibit platelet
aggregation, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory
bosentan, sitaxentan, ambrisentan (Letairis) - ANSWER endothelin antagonists
MOA of endothelin antagonists - ANSWER block endothelin A receptor, leading
to vasodilation
cinaciguat, riociguat - ANSWER activators of soluble guanylate cyclase
MOA of activators of soluble guanylate cyclase - ANSWER stimulator of sGC,
elevates nitric oxide, causing vasodilation
Viagra, Cialis - ANSWER PDE5 ihibitors
MOA of PDE5 inhibitors - ANSWER inhibit PDE5, increase cGMP levels
ivacaftor, tezcaftor, lumacaftor - ANSWER drugs used to treat CF
MOA of ivacaftor - ANSWER potentiator of CFTR
MOA of tezcaftor - ANSWER repairs misfolded components of CFTR
MOA of lumacaftor - ANSWER "chaperone" function prevents misfolding of CFTR
proteins
phosphodiesterase inhibitors, anticholinergics - ANSWER drugs used to treat
COPD
roflumilast (Daliresp), cilomilast - ANSWER PDE4 inhibitors
theophylline - ANSWER nonselective PDE inhibitor
,MOA of phosphodiesterase inhibitors - ANSWER anti-inflammatory actions
MOA of roflumilast - ANSWER weak bronchodilators that reduce inflammation,
crosses BBB
MOA of cilomilast - ANSWER more powerful anti-inflammatory than roflumilast,
does not cross BBB
tiotropium (Spiriva), Tuzadora, revefenacin - ANSWER anticholinergics
MOA of anticholinergics - ANSWER bind to M3 receptor, causing mild
bronchodilation and mucus volume reduction
codeine, benzonatate, tetracaine, dextromethorphan - ANSWER antitussives
MOA of codeine - ANSWER work in the brain to suppress cough
MOA of benzonatate and tetracaine (local anesthetics) - ANSWER locally
anesthetizes C fibers, blocks voltage gated sodium channels
MOA of dextromethorphan - ANSWER opiate agonist and NMDA antagonist
What drug does not cause false positives for opiates but will cause false
positives for PCP? - ANSWER dextromethorphan
uses of antihistamines - ANSWER hay fever, allergic rhinitis, eczema, allergic
conjunctivitis, sneezing, urticaria, allergic reactions caused by food allergies,
insomnia, motion sickness, Parkinson's
diphenhydramine (Benadryl), dimenhydrinate, doxylamine, carbinoxamine -
ANSWER ethanolamine antihistamines
Which antihistamines have the highest antimuscarinic/anticholinergic potential
and have the greatest risk of sleepiness? - ANSWER ethanolamine
antihistamines
uses of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - ANSWER insomnia, motion sickness,
Parkinson's
Which drug is both an ethanolamine antihistamine and 1st generation
antihistamine? - ANSWER diphenhydramine
True/False: 1st generation antihistamines do not cross the BBB. - ANSWER
False, 1st generation antihistamines cross the BBB.
, True/False: 2nd generation antihistamines do not cross the BBB. - ANSWER True
Which antihistamines do not cross the BBB, have a lower toxicity after OD, and
have a slow dissociation from the H1 receptor? - ANSWER 2nd generation
antihistamines
What do 1st generation antihistamines and 2nd generation antihistamines have
in common? - ANSWER anticholinergic, anti-serotonin, alpha receptor blocking
tripelenamine, pyrilamine - ANSWER ethylenediamine antihistamines
Which antihistamines have greater specificity and greater somnolence? -
ANSWER ethylenediamine antihistamines
chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine - ANSWER alkylamine antihistamines
Which antihistamines are very potent, non-sedating, but may cause CNS
stimulation? - ANSWER alkylamine antihistamines
hydroxyzine (Visteril, Atarax), cyclizine, meclizine, cetirizine (Zyrtec) - ANSWER
piperazine antihistamines
Which antihistamines are long-acting and have little stimulation? - ANSWER
piperazine antihistamines
uses of hydroxyzine (Visteril, Atarax) - ANSWER severe allergic reaction,
preanesthetic (dry out tracheobronchiolar tree), severe motion sickness
uses of cetirizine (Zyrtec) - ANSWER allergic rhinitis
What drug is a 2nd generation antihistamine that does not cross the BBB, is not
used to treat motion sickness, is more potent, has little/no sedation, and is long-
acting? - ANSWER cetirizine (Zyrtec)
promethazine (Phenergan) - ANSWER phenothiazine antihistamines
What drug is currently used to treat motion sickness and no longer used to treat
psychosis but led to the development of antipsychotic drugs? - ANSWER
promethazine (Phenergan)
What drugs can be used to treat severe motion sickness? - ANSWER the
antihistamines hydroxyzine, cyclizine, or meclizine, or the anticholinergic
scopolamine
cyproheptadine (Periactin) - ANSWER dibenzocycloheptene antihistamines
Verified Answers
prostacyclin derivatives, endothelin antagonists, activators of soluble guanylate
cyclase, PDE5 inhibitors - ANSWER drugs used to treat PAH
Uptravi - ANSWER prostacyclin derivative
MOA of Uptravi - ANSWER vasodilation, antiproliferative, inhibit platelet
aggregation, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory
bosentan, sitaxentan, ambrisentan (Letairis) - ANSWER endothelin antagonists
MOA of endothelin antagonists - ANSWER block endothelin A receptor, leading
to vasodilation
cinaciguat, riociguat - ANSWER activators of soluble guanylate cyclase
MOA of activators of soluble guanylate cyclase - ANSWER stimulator of sGC,
elevates nitric oxide, causing vasodilation
Viagra, Cialis - ANSWER PDE5 ihibitors
MOA of PDE5 inhibitors - ANSWER inhibit PDE5, increase cGMP levels
ivacaftor, tezcaftor, lumacaftor - ANSWER drugs used to treat CF
MOA of ivacaftor - ANSWER potentiator of CFTR
MOA of tezcaftor - ANSWER repairs misfolded components of CFTR
MOA of lumacaftor - ANSWER "chaperone" function prevents misfolding of CFTR
proteins
phosphodiesterase inhibitors, anticholinergics - ANSWER drugs used to treat
COPD
roflumilast (Daliresp), cilomilast - ANSWER PDE4 inhibitors
theophylline - ANSWER nonselective PDE inhibitor
,MOA of phosphodiesterase inhibitors - ANSWER anti-inflammatory actions
MOA of roflumilast - ANSWER weak bronchodilators that reduce inflammation,
crosses BBB
MOA of cilomilast - ANSWER more powerful anti-inflammatory than roflumilast,
does not cross BBB
tiotropium (Spiriva), Tuzadora, revefenacin - ANSWER anticholinergics
MOA of anticholinergics - ANSWER bind to M3 receptor, causing mild
bronchodilation and mucus volume reduction
codeine, benzonatate, tetracaine, dextromethorphan - ANSWER antitussives
MOA of codeine - ANSWER work in the brain to suppress cough
MOA of benzonatate and tetracaine (local anesthetics) - ANSWER locally
anesthetizes C fibers, blocks voltage gated sodium channels
MOA of dextromethorphan - ANSWER opiate agonist and NMDA antagonist
What drug does not cause false positives for opiates but will cause false
positives for PCP? - ANSWER dextromethorphan
uses of antihistamines - ANSWER hay fever, allergic rhinitis, eczema, allergic
conjunctivitis, sneezing, urticaria, allergic reactions caused by food allergies,
insomnia, motion sickness, Parkinson's
diphenhydramine (Benadryl), dimenhydrinate, doxylamine, carbinoxamine -
ANSWER ethanolamine antihistamines
Which antihistamines have the highest antimuscarinic/anticholinergic potential
and have the greatest risk of sleepiness? - ANSWER ethanolamine
antihistamines
uses of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - ANSWER insomnia, motion sickness,
Parkinson's
Which drug is both an ethanolamine antihistamine and 1st generation
antihistamine? - ANSWER diphenhydramine
True/False: 1st generation antihistamines do not cross the BBB. - ANSWER
False, 1st generation antihistamines cross the BBB.
, True/False: 2nd generation antihistamines do not cross the BBB. - ANSWER True
Which antihistamines do not cross the BBB, have a lower toxicity after OD, and
have a slow dissociation from the H1 receptor? - ANSWER 2nd generation
antihistamines
What do 1st generation antihistamines and 2nd generation antihistamines have
in common? - ANSWER anticholinergic, anti-serotonin, alpha receptor blocking
tripelenamine, pyrilamine - ANSWER ethylenediamine antihistamines
Which antihistamines have greater specificity and greater somnolence? -
ANSWER ethylenediamine antihistamines
chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine - ANSWER alkylamine antihistamines
Which antihistamines are very potent, non-sedating, but may cause CNS
stimulation? - ANSWER alkylamine antihistamines
hydroxyzine (Visteril, Atarax), cyclizine, meclizine, cetirizine (Zyrtec) - ANSWER
piperazine antihistamines
Which antihistamines are long-acting and have little stimulation? - ANSWER
piperazine antihistamines
uses of hydroxyzine (Visteril, Atarax) - ANSWER severe allergic reaction,
preanesthetic (dry out tracheobronchiolar tree), severe motion sickness
uses of cetirizine (Zyrtec) - ANSWER allergic rhinitis
What drug is a 2nd generation antihistamine that does not cross the BBB, is not
used to treat motion sickness, is more potent, has little/no sedation, and is long-
acting? - ANSWER cetirizine (Zyrtec)
promethazine (Phenergan) - ANSWER phenothiazine antihistamines
What drug is currently used to treat motion sickness and no longer used to treat
psychosis but led to the development of antipsychotic drugs? - ANSWER
promethazine (Phenergan)
What drugs can be used to treat severe motion sickness? - ANSWER the
antihistamines hydroxyzine, cyclizine, or meclizine, or the anticholinergic
scopolamine
cyproheptadine (Periactin) - ANSWER dibenzocycloheptene antihistamines
