1|Page
NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology — Examination 3
2026/2027 ||Verified Exam!!|| Wilkes University Passan
School of Nursing | 50 Questions with Verified
Q&A||Newest Exam!!!
Why is theophylline out of favor? - Answer-Use is limited
due to narrow therapeutic window, multiple drug
interactions, questionable efficacy, and adverse effects
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) - Answer-Potent anti-
inflammatory agent, they decrease airway inflammation,
attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness and minimize
mucus production and secretions
Examples of ICS - Answer-Fluticasone, Budesonide,
Beclomethasone, Ciclesonide
Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA) - Answer-Used as add-
on therapy for asthma not controlled with ICS alone.
Works by stimulating the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in
the lungs, resulting in a relaxation of bronchial smooth
muscle (bronchodilation) Benefits: improved pulmonary
function, more symptom free days, decreased need for
SABA
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Examples of LABA - Answer-Salmeterol, Vilanterol
Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA) - Answer-
Inhibit effects of acetylcholine on muscarine receptors and
protect against cholinergic mediated bronchoconstriction.
May cause dry mouth, urinary retention, headache
Examples of LAMA - Answer-Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) - Answer-Anti-
inflammatories that inhibit 5-lipoxygenase or completely
antagonize the effect of leukotriene D. They improve
forced expiratory volume (FEV), decrease symptoms,
SABA use, and exacerbations. Can cause
neuropsychiatric events.
Short acting beta agonists (SABA) - Answer-Reverse
acute airway inflammation and brochoconstriction,
increase mucociliary clearance and stabilize mast cell
membranes. Side effects: tremors, tachycardia,
hypokalemia
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Examples of SABA - Answer-albuterol, levalbuterol
What is the need for inhaled corticosteroids? - Answer-ICS
are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents. They
decrease airway inflammation, attenuate airway
hyperresponsiveness and minimize mucus production and
secretions. They improve the actions of beta agonists and
target the lungs directly
Risk factors that may precipitate an asthma attack -
Answer-Uncontrolled asthma symptoms, frequent use of
SABA, inadequate ICS therapy, low FEV (<60%),
psychological or financial problems, smoking or allergy
exposure, obesity, pregnancy, hx of intubation, 1 or more
of exacerbations in the past year
When can step down therapy be initiated for an
asthmatic? - Answer-Once a patient is controlled on a
maintenance regimen for 3 months with no symptoms
Which beta blockers are not an absolute contraindication
for an asthmatic patient - Answer-Beta 1 (cardioselective)
medications such as atenolol and metoprolol
, 4|Page
Mechanism of action of the Beta Agonist - Answer-These
agents cause smooth muscle relaxation by stimulating
adenyl Cyclase to increase formation of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP)
What are the major pathophysiologic characteristics
associated with asthma - Answer-Wheezing, SOB, Chest
tightness, Cough. Contraction of airway smooth muscle,
increased mucus production, airway edema, remodeling
Asthma - Answer-Characterized by variable, reversible
episodes of brochoconstriction, late inflammation and
bronchospasm
What are precipitating factors and triggers associated with
asthma? - Answer-Exercise, allergen exposure, weather
changes, respiratory infection
After a diagnosis is made, what factors are used to
determine the components of severity? - Answer-Daytime
asthma symptoms > 2X per week, nighttime awakenings,
reliever for symptoms > 2X per week, activity limitation d/t
asthma
NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology — Examination 3
2026/2027 ||Verified Exam!!|| Wilkes University Passan
School of Nursing | 50 Questions with Verified
Q&A||Newest Exam!!!
Why is theophylline out of favor? - Answer-Use is limited
due to narrow therapeutic window, multiple drug
interactions, questionable efficacy, and adverse effects
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) - Answer-Potent anti-
inflammatory agent, they decrease airway inflammation,
attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness and minimize
mucus production and secretions
Examples of ICS - Answer-Fluticasone, Budesonide,
Beclomethasone, Ciclesonide
Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA) - Answer-Used as add-
on therapy for asthma not controlled with ICS alone.
Works by stimulating the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in
the lungs, resulting in a relaxation of bronchial smooth
muscle (bronchodilation) Benefits: improved pulmonary
function, more symptom free days, decreased need for
SABA
,2|Page
Examples of LABA - Answer-Salmeterol, Vilanterol
Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA) - Answer-
Inhibit effects of acetylcholine on muscarine receptors and
protect against cholinergic mediated bronchoconstriction.
May cause dry mouth, urinary retention, headache
Examples of LAMA - Answer-Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs) - Answer-Anti-
inflammatories that inhibit 5-lipoxygenase or completely
antagonize the effect of leukotriene D. They improve
forced expiratory volume (FEV), decrease symptoms,
SABA use, and exacerbations. Can cause
neuropsychiatric events.
Short acting beta agonists (SABA) - Answer-Reverse
acute airway inflammation and brochoconstriction,
increase mucociliary clearance and stabilize mast cell
membranes. Side effects: tremors, tachycardia,
hypokalemia
,3|Page
Examples of SABA - Answer-albuterol, levalbuterol
What is the need for inhaled corticosteroids? - Answer-ICS
are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents. They
decrease airway inflammation, attenuate airway
hyperresponsiveness and minimize mucus production and
secretions. They improve the actions of beta agonists and
target the lungs directly
Risk factors that may precipitate an asthma attack -
Answer-Uncontrolled asthma symptoms, frequent use of
SABA, inadequate ICS therapy, low FEV (<60%),
psychological or financial problems, smoking or allergy
exposure, obesity, pregnancy, hx of intubation, 1 or more
of exacerbations in the past year
When can step down therapy be initiated for an
asthmatic? - Answer-Once a patient is controlled on a
maintenance regimen for 3 months with no symptoms
Which beta blockers are not an absolute contraindication
for an asthmatic patient - Answer-Beta 1 (cardioselective)
medications such as atenolol and metoprolol
, 4|Page
Mechanism of action of the Beta Agonist - Answer-These
agents cause smooth muscle relaxation by stimulating
adenyl Cyclase to increase formation of cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP)
What are the major pathophysiologic characteristics
associated with asthma - Answer-Wheezing, SOB, Chest
tightness, Cough. Contraction of airway smooth muscle,
increased mucus production, airway edema, remodeling
Asthma - Answer-Characterized by variable, reversible
episodes of brochoconstriction, late inflammation and
bronchospasm
What are precipitating factors and triggers associated with
asthma? - Answer-Exercise, allergen exposure, weather
changes, respiratory infection
After a diagnosis is made, what factors are used to
determine the components of severity? - Answer-Daytime
asthma symptoms > 2X per week, nighttime awakenings,
reliever for symptoms > 2X per week, activity limitation d/t
asthma
