NSG124 EXAM 2 2026 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ The amount of energy expended on breathing depends on.
Answer: 1-the rate and depth of breathing, the ease with which the
lungs can be expanded (compliance)
2-airway resistance.
◉ Inspiration. Answer: an active process, stimulated by chemical
receptors in the aorta.
◉ Expiration. Answer: passive process that depends on the elastic
recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work
◉ Surfactant. Answer: a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain
the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing
◉ Atelectasis. Answer: a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
◉ What can cause atelectasis?. Answer: 1-lungs collapse-can be
caused by puncture of lungs
2-asthma that irrigates airways,
,3-pneumonia,
4-tb,
4-pneomothorax,
5-hemothorax,
6-surgery due to anesthesias
7-premature birth before 34 weeks
◉ What are the Accessory muscles. Answer: -overuse of the
diaphragm can increase lung volume during inspiration
-Traps
-sternocleidomastoid
-intern/external intercostals
◉ Respiratory compliance. Answer: normal elasticity during
breathing
◉ decreased compliance. Answer: occurs in asthma and other
respiratory issues, you don't have the same elasticity
◉ Impact of increased airway resistance and decreased lung
compliance. Answer: -sob
-reduced perfusion
-ineffective gas exchange
,-increase RR
-increase in respiratory metabolism due to decreased oxygen levels
◉ Decreased perfusion leads to:. Answer: Brain-Stroke
Kidney-renal failure
Liver-failure
Heart-MI
◉ Prolonged use of the accessory muscles. Answer: does not
promote effective ventilation and causes fatigue.
◉ Accessory muscles of respiration can. Answer: increase lung
volume during inspiration
◉ During assessment of accessory muscles check for. Answer:
observe for elevation of the patient's clavicles during inspiration
◉ Elevation of clavicle indicates?. Answer: ventilatory fatigue
air hunger
decreased lung expansion.
◉ Tidal volume is. Answer: the amount of air exhaled following a
normal inspiration.
, ◉ Residual volume. Answer: the amount of air left in the alveoli after
a full expiration
◉ Forced vital capacity. Answer: the maximum amount of air that
can be removed from the lungs during forced expiration.
◉ Carbon dioxide transport. Answer: rapidly hydrated into carbonic
acid (H2CO3)
then dissociates into hydrogen (H) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions
Hemoglobin buffers the hydrogen ion, the (HCO3-) diffuses into the
plasma
◉ Central nervous system controls the. Answer: respiratory rate,
depth, and rhythm
◉ Cerebral cortex regulates. Answer: the voluntary control of
respiration
◉ Chemoreceptors. Answer: sense changes in the chemical content
and stimulate neural regulators to adjust
GUIDE AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ The amount of energy expended on breathing depends on.
Answer: 1-the rate and depth of breathing, the ease with which the
lungs can be expanded (compliance)
2-airway resistance.
◉ Inspiration. Answer: an active process, stimulated by chemical
receptors in the aorta.
◉ Expiration. Answer: passive process that depends on the elastic
recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work
◉ Surfactant. Answer: a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain
the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing
◉ Atelectasis. Answer: a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
◉ What can cause atelectasis?. Answer: 1-lungs collapse-can be
caused by puncture of lungs
2-asthma that irrigates airways,
,3-pneumonia,
4-tb,
4-pneomothorax,
5-hemothorax,
6-surgery due to anesthesias
7-premature birth before 34 weeks
◉ What are the Accessory muscles. Answer: -overuse of the
diaphragm can increase lung volume during inspiration
-Traps
-sternocleidomastoid
-intern/external intercostals
◉ Respiratory compliance. Answer: normal elasticity during
breathing
◉ decreased compliance. Answer: occurs in asthma and other
respiratory issues, you don't have the same elasticity
◉ Impact of increased airway resistance and decreased lung
compliance. Answer: -sob
-reduced perfusion
-ineffective gas exchange
,-increase RR
-increase in respiratory metabolism due to decreased oxygen levels
◉ Decreased perfusion leads to:. Answer: Brain-Stroke
Kidney-renal failure
Liver-failure
Heart-MI
◉ Prolonged use of the accessory muscles. Answer: does not
promote effective ventilation and causes fatigue.
◉ Accessory muscles of respiration can. Answer: increase lung
volume during inspiration
◉ During assessment of accessory muscles check for. Answer:
observe for elevation of the patient's clavicles during inspiration
◉ Elevation of clavicle indicates?. Answer: ventilatory fatigue
air hunger
decreased lung expansion.
◉ Tidal volume is. Answer: the amount of air exhaled following a
normal inspiration.
, ◉ Residual volume. Answer: the amount of air left in the alveoli after
a full expiration
◉ Forced vital capacity. Answer: the maximum amount of air that
can be removed from the lungs during forced expiration.
◉ Carbon dioxide transport. Answer: rapidly hydrated into carbonic
acid (H2CO3)
then dissociates into hydrogen (H) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions
Hemoglobin buffers the hydrogen ion, the (HCO3-) diffuses into the
plasma
◉ Central nervous system controls the. Answer: respiratory rate,
depth, and rhythm
◉ Cerebral cortex regulates. Answer: the voluntary control of
respiration
◉ Chemoreceptors. Answer: sense changes in the chemical content
and stimulate neural regulators to adjust
