NSG124 EXAM 2 2026 LIKELY QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWER EXPLANATIONS
◉ Self-Concept. Answer: Patients with a positive self-concept are
more likely to approach surgical experiences appropriately. Assess
self-concept by asking patients to identify personal strengths and
weaknesses
◉ Body Image. Answer: Assess patients' perceptions of
body image alterations from surgery. Individuals respond differently
depending on their culture, self-concept, and self-esteem
◉ Coping Resources. Answer: Assessment of patients' feelings and
self- concept reveals whether they have the ability to cope with the
stress of surgery. Thus you need to ask patients about stress
management and how they typically cope with stress.
◉ Physical Examination.. Answer: Conduct a partial or complete
physical examination, depending on the amount of time available
and the patient's preoperative condition, focus on the system the
surgery is being performed on
◉ General Survey.. Answer: Observe a patient's general appearance.
Gestures and body movements (gait, posture, purposeful movement)
,may reflect decreased energy or weakness caused by illness. Height,
body weight, and history of recent weight loss are important
indicators of nutritional status and are used to calculate medication
dosages.
◉ PRE- Head and Neck.. Answer: To determine if your patient is
dehydrated, you assess your patient's oral mucous membranes.
Inspect the area between the gums and cheek, the soft palate, and
the nasal sinuses.
◉ PRE- Integument.. Answer: The overall condition of the skin
reveals a patient's level of hydration. Carefully inspect the skin,
especially over bony prominences such as the heels, elbows, sacrum,
back of head, and scapula.
◉ PRE- Thorax and Lungs.. Answer: Assess a patient's breathing
pattern and chest excursion to detect presence of a decline in
ventilation.
Auscultation of breath sounds indicates whether the patient has
pulmonary congestion or narrowing of airways, which can postpone
a surgery
◉ PRE- Heart and Vascular System.. Answer: If a patient has a
history of heart disease, assess the character of the apical pulse and
listen to heart sounds. Assessment of peripheral pulses, capillary
refill, and color and temperature of extremities is particularly
, important for patients undergoing vascular or orthopedic surgery
and when you know that a patient will have constricting bandages
or casts on an extremity after surgery.
◉ PRE- Abdomen.. Answer: Alterations in GI function after surgery
often result in decreased or absent bowel sounds and abdominal
distention. Assess the patient's usual abdominal anatomy for size,
shape, symmetry, and presence of distention before surgery. Ask
how often the patient has bowel movements and inquire about the
color and consistency of stools. Auscultate bowel sounds over all
four abdominal quadrants.
◉ PRE- Neurological Status.. Answer: The baseline neurological
status helps with the assessment of ascent (awakening) from
anesthesia. Observe a patient's level of orientation, alertness, mood,
and ease of speech, noting whether he or she answers questions
appropriately and is able to recall recent and past events.
◉ Goals and Outcomes.. Answer: Base the goals and outcomes of
care on the individualized nursing diagnoses. Review and modify the
plan during the intra-operative and postoperative periods.
◉ PLANNING. Answer: Involve the patient and family in
preoperative instruction
• Provide therapies aimed at minimizing the patient's fear or anxiety
regarding surgery
WITH DETAILED ANSWER EXPLANATIONS
◉ Self-Concept. Answer: Patients with a positive self-concept are
more likely to approach surgical experiences appropriately. Assess
self-concept by asking patients to identify personal strengths and
weaknesses
◉ Body Image. Answer: Assess patients' perceptions of
body image alterations from surgery. Individuals respond differently
depending on their culture, self-concept, and self-esteem
◉ Coping Resources. Answer: Assessment of patients' feelings and
self- concept reveals whether they have the ability to cope with the
stress of surgery. Thus you need to ask patients about stress
management and how they typically cope with stress.
◉ Physical Examination.. Answer: Conduct a partial or complete
physical examination, depending on the amount of time available
and the patient's preoperative condition, focus on the system the
surgery is being performed on
◉ General Survey.. Answer: Observe a patient's general appearance.
Gestures and body movements (gait, posture, purposeful movement)
,may reflect decreased energy or weakness caused by illness. Height,
body weight, and history of recent weight loss are important
indicators of nutritional status and are used to calculate medication
dosages.
◉ PRE- Head and Neck.. Answer: To determine if your patient is
dehydrated, you assess your patient's oral mucous membranes.
Inspect the area between the gums and cheek, the soft palate, and
the nasal sinuses.
◉ PRE- Integument.. Answer: The overall condition of the skin
reveals a patient's level of hydration. Carefully inspect the skin,
especially over bony prominences such as the heels, elbows, sacrum,
back of head, and scapula.
◉ PRE- Thorax and Lungs.. Answer: Assess a patient's breathing
pattern and chest excursion to detect presence of a decline in
ventilation.
Auscultation of breath sounds indicates whether the patient has
pulmonary congestion or narrowing of airways, which can postpone
a surgery
◉ PRE- Heart and Vascular System.. Answer: If a patient has a
history of heart disease, assess the character of the apical pulse and
listen to heart sounds. Assessment of peripheral pulses, capillary
refill, and color and temperature of extremities is particularly
, important for patients undergoing vascular or orthopedic surgery
and when you know that a patient will have constricting bandages
or casts on an extremity after surgery.
◉ PRE- Abdomen.. Answer: Alterations in GI function after surgery
often result in decreased or absent bowel sounds and abdominal
distention. Assess the patient's usual abdominal anatomy for size,
shape, symmetry, and presence of distention before surgery. Ask
how often the patient has bowel movements and inquire about the
color and consistency of stools. Auscultate bowel sounds over all
four abdominal quadrants.
◉ PRE- Neurological Status.. Answer: The baseline neurological
status helps with the assessment of ascent (awakening) from
anesthesia. Observe a patient's level of orientation, alertness, mood,
and ease of speech, noting whether he or she answers questions
appropriately and is able to recall recent and past events.
◉ Goals and Outcomes.. Answer: Base the goals and outcomes of
care on the individualized nursing diagnoses. Review and modify the
plan during the intra-operative and postoperative periods.
◉ PLANNING. Answer: Involve the patient and family in
preoperative instruction
• Provide therapies aimed at minimizing the patient's fear or anxiety
regarding surgery
