NURSING CLINICAL — HEMATOLOGY, NEUROLOGY & ONCOLOGY | GRADED A+
NURSING CLINICAL
HEMATOLOGY, NEUROLOGY & ONCOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
✅ COMPLETE SOLUTIONS · VERIFIED · GRADED A+ · LATEST UPDATE
📌 All answers highlighted in YELLOW for instant recognition
📌 Organized by condition with labs, treatments & interventions
📌 Critical alerts, exam tips and cheat sheet included
Topics Covered:
1. Anemia — Signs, Labs & Treatment
2. Anticoagulants — Warfarin, Heparin, Factor Xa, DOACs
3. Antiplatelet Therapy
4. HITT — Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia & Thrombosis
5. DIC — Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
6. SLE (Lupus) — Symptoms, Labs & Interventions
7. Guillain-Barré Syndrome
8. Multiple Sclerosis
9. ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease)
10. Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
11. Pericardial Effusion
12. Master Cheat Sheet
All answers highlighted in yellow | Page 1
,NURSING CLINICAL — HEMATOLOGY, NEUROLOGY & ONCOLOGY | GRADED A+
SECTION 1 — Anemia — Signs, Labs & Treatment
Signs & Symptoms of Anemia
Anemia — Early (Hypovolemic) Tachycardia (compensatory ↑ HR)
Signs & Symptoms Tachypnea (compensatory ↑ RR)
Weak/thready pulses (early)
Orthostatic hypotension
Decreased urine output
Decreased level of consciousness (LOC)
→ HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK if untreated
Anemia — Chronic/Late Signs & Bounding pulses (cardiac compensation)
Symptoms Roaring / ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
Palpitations
Normal Hemoglobin (HGB) Values
POPULATION NORMAL HGB VALUE
Adult Men 13–14 g/dL
Adult Women 12 g/dL
Blood conservation threshold HGB 7–9 g/dL for NON-BLEEDING patients
Treatment of Anemia
Anemia Treatment Options:
1. PRBCs (Packed Red Blood Cells) — transfusion
2. Erythropoietin — stimulates RBC production
3. Vitamins & minerals — iron, B12, folate supplementation
4. Blood conservation — target HGB 7–9 for stable, non-bleeding patients
📌 EXAM TIP: Transfuse PRBCs when HGB < 7 in stable patients. For patients with
cardiac/respiratory compromise, transfuse at a higher threshold.
All answers highlighted in yellow | Page 2
, NURSING CLINICAL — HEMATOLOGY, NEUROLOGY & ONCOLOGY | GRADED A+
SECTION 2 — Anticoagulants — Full Drug Reference
DRUG CLASS ANTIDOTE MONITOR NOTES
Warfarin (Coumadin) Vitamin K Antagonist Vitamin K (Kcentra) INR Oral; many
food/drug
interactions
Heparin (IV/SQ) Unfractionated heparin Protamine sulfate aPTT (anti-Xa) IV drip or SQ;
watch for HITT
Rivaroxaban Factor Xa inhibitor Andexxa / Andexanet None required Oral; used for
(Xarelto) alfa (PCC) A-fib, DVT, PE
Apixaban (Eliquis) Factor Xa inhibitor Andexxa / Andexanet None required Oral; used for
alfa A-fib, DVT, PE
Edoxaban Factor Xa inhibitor Andexanet alfa None required Oral
Dabigatran Direct thrombin Idarucizumab TT & aPTT Oral; renal
(Pradaxa) inhibitor (Praxbind) excretion —
monitor
kidneys
DOACs — Direct Oral Anticoagulants
What does DOAC stand for? Direct Oral Anticoagulants
DOAC drugs (names to know) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Apixaban (Eliquis)
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Primary indication for DOACs PO (oral) treatment of A-Fib, DVT, PE
DOAC antidotes Andexanet alfa (Andexxa) — for Factor Xa inhibitors
(Xarelto, Eliquis)
Idarucizumab (Praxbind) — for Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Lab monitoring for DOACs NO routine lab monitoring required
Antiplatelet Therapy
Antiplatelet drugs (know all ASA (Aspirin)
names) NSAIDs
All answers highlighted in yellow | Page 3
NURSING CLINICAL
HEMATOLOGY, NEUROLOGY & ONCOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
✅ COMPLETE SOLUTIONS · VERIFIED · GRADED A+ · LATEST UPDATE
📌 All answers highlighted in YELLOW for instant recognition
📌 Organized by condition with labs, treatments & interventions
📌 Critical alerts, exam tips and cheat sheet included
Topics Covered:
1. Anemia — Signs, Labs & Treatment
2. Anticoagulants — Warfarin, Heparin, Factor Xa, DOACs
3. Antiplatelet Therapy
4. HITT — Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia & Thrombosis
5. DIC — Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
6. SLE (Lupus) — Symptoms, Labs & Interventions
7. Guillain-Barré Syndrome
8. Multiple Sclerosis
9. ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease)
10. Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
11. Pericardial Effusion
12. Master Cheat Sheet
All answers highlighted in yellow | Page 1
,NURSING CLINICAL — HEMATOLOGY, NEUROLOGY & ONCOLOGY | GRADED A+
SECTION 1 — Anemia — Signs, Labs & Treatment
Signs & Symptoms of Anemia
Anemia — Early (Hypovolemic) Tachycardia (compensatory ↑ HR)
Signs & Symptoms Tachypnea (compensatory ↑ RR)
Weak/thready pulses (early)
Orthostatic hypotension
Decreased urine output
Decreased level of consciousness (LOC)
→ HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK if untreated
Anemia — Chronic/Late Signs & Bounding pulses (cardiac compensation)
Symptoms Roaring / ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
Palpitations
Normal Hemoglobin (HGB) Values
POPULATION NORMAL HGB VALUE
Adult Men 13–14 g/dL
Adult Women 12 g/dL
Blood conservation threshold HGB 7–9 g/dL for NON-BLEEDING patients
Treatment of Anemia
Anemia Treatment Options:
1. PRBCs (Packed Red Blood Cells) — transfusion
2. Erythropoietin — stimulates RBC production
3. Vitamins & minerals — iron, B12, folate supplementation
4. Blood conservation — target HGB 7–9 for stable, non-bleeding patients
📌 EXAM TIP: Transfuse PRBCs when HGB < 7 in stable patients. For patients with
cardiac/respiratory compromise, transfuse at a higher threshold.
All answers highlighted in yellow | Page 2
, NURSING CLINICAL — HEMATOLOGY, NEUROLOGY & ONCOLOGY | GRADED A+
SECTION 2 — Anticoagulants — Full Drug Reference
DRUG CLASS ANTIDOTE MONITOR NOTES
Warfarin (Coumadin) Vitamin K Antagonist Vitamin K (Kcentra) INR Oral; many
food/drug
interactions
Heparin (IV/SQ) Unfractionated heparin Protamine sulfate aPTT (anti-Xa) IV drip or SQ;
watch for HITT
Rivaroxaban Factor Xa inhibitor Andexxa / Andexanet None required Oral; used for
(Xarelto) alfa (PCC) A-fib, DVT, PE
Apixaban (Eliquis) Factor Xa inhibitor Andexxa / Andexanet None required Oral; used for
alfa A-fib, DVT, PE
Edoxaban Factor Xa inhibitor Andexanet alfa None required Oral
Dabigatran Direct thrombin Idarucizumab TT & aPTT Oral; renal
(Pradaxa) inhibitor (Praxbind) excretion —
monitor
kidneys
DOACs — Direct Oral Anticoagulants
What does DOAC stand for? Direct Oral Anticoagulants
DOAC drugs (names to know) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Apixaban (Eliquis)
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Primary indication for DOACs PO (oral) treatment of A-Fib, DVT, PE
DOAC antidotes Andexanet alfa (Andexxa) — for Factor Xa inhibitors
(Xarelto, Eliquis)
Idarucizumab (Praxbind) — for Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Lab monitoring for DOACs NO routine lab monitoring required
Antiplatelet Therapy
Antiplatelet drugs (know all ASA (Aspirin)
names) NSAIDs
All answers highlighted in yellow | Page 3
