NSG530 STUDY GUIDE 2026 MASTER
SOLUTION DIGEST
◉A female patient undergoes gastric resection . Following surgery ,
she experiences intermittent severe pain and epigastric fullness
after eating . Which of the following is the most likely reason for her
symptoms ?
A. Diarrhea
B. Dumping
C. Alkaline
D. Afferent loop obstruction. Answer: D. Afferent loop obstruction
◉A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria
after undergoing catheterization of the ureters. What is the most
likely cause of this condition?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Prerenal acute kidney injury
C. Postrenal acute kidney injury
D. Infrarenal acute kidney injury. Answer: C. Postrenal acute kidney
injury
,◉CAD Risk Factors: Non-modifiable. Answer: age
genetic disposition
family history
ethnic background
gender
◉CAD risk factors. Answer: Age >55
male
fam hx
personal hx peripheral vasc/Cerebrovascular disease
smoking
lipid abnorm
DM
HTN
obesity
sedentary
cocaine
estrogen use
dyslipidemia - high LDL, low HDL, high triglycerides
◉what happens when LDL becomes oxidized. Answer: becomes
oxidized when exposed to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cell
,then exposed to macrophages
becomes foam cell
makes up atherosclerotic plaque
◉what does HDL do. Answer: reverse cholesterol transport
returns excess cholesterol from the tissue to the liver where it binds
to hepatic receptors and is processed or eliminated as bile or
converted to cholesterol-containing steroids
protects LDL from oxidation
◉explain the relationship of lipoprotiens and diabetes as a risk
factor for CAD. Answer: lipoproteins can be altered by glycation as a
result of high glucose levels which causes a greater integration into
macrophages (engulf oxidized LDL) this then accumulates in the
arterial wall causing platelet aggregation and smooth muscle
proliferation
◉android obesity. Answer: excess body fat that is placed
predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as opposed to
the hips and thighs
strongest link with CAD risk r/t insulin resistance, decreased HDL
levels, increased blood pressure, and inflammation
◉9 P21. Answer: genetic variant associated with a strong risk for
CAD
, ◉what is the risk of having an MI in relation to the age that it
occurred in a parent. Answer: inverse relationship
if you have a parent who had an MI at 40 you have a higher risk than
someone who's parent had one at 70
◉Women typically present with CAD symptoms 10 years earlier
than men
t/f. Answer: false
◉lipoprotein (a) and CAD. Answer: nontraditional risk factor
associated with atherosclerosis and thrombosis
genetically derived particle
at risk for premature CAD as well as stroke
◉elevated high sensitivity c reactive protein and CAD (hs-CRP).
Answer: acute phase reactant or protein
made in liver
indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque-related
inflammation/progression
inflammatory marker
the more inflammation the more likely to have plaque ruptures
SOLUTION DIGEST
◉A female patient undergoes gastric resection . Following surgery ,
she experiences intermittent severe pain and epigastric fullness
after eating . Which of the following is the most likely reason for her
symptoms ?
A. Diarrhea
B. Dumping
C. Alkaline
D. Afferent loop obstruction. Answer: D. Afferent loop obstruction
◉A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria
after undergoing catheterization of the ureters. What is the most
likely cause of this condition?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Prerenal acute kidney injury
C. Postrenal acute kidney injury
D. Infrarenal acute kidney injury. Answer: C. Postrenal acute kidney
injury
,◉CAD Risk Factors: Non-modifiable. Answer: age
genetic disposition
family history
ethnic background
gender
◉CAD risk factors. Answer: Age >55
male
fam hx
personal hx peripheral vasc/Cerebrovascular disease
smoking
lipid abnorm
DM
HTN
obesity
sedentary
cocaine
estrogen use
dyslipidemia - high LDL, low HDL, high triglycerides
◉what happens when LDL becomes oxidized. Answer: becomes
oxidized when exposed to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cell
,then exposed to macrophages
becomes foam cell
makes up atherosclerotic plaque
◉what does HDL do. Answer: reverse cholesterol transport
returns excess cholesterol from the tissue to the liver where it binds
to hepatic receptors and is processed or eliminated as bile or
converted to cholesterol-containing steroids
protects LDL from oxidation
◉explain the relationship of lipoprotiens and diabetes as a risk
factor for CAD. Answer: lipoproteins can be altered by glycation as a
result of high glucose levels which causes a greater integration into
macrophages (engulf oxidized LDL) this then accumulates in the
arterial wall causing platelet aggregation and smooth muscle
proliferation
◉android obesity. Answer: excess body fat that is placed
predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as opposed to
the hips and thighs
strongest link with CAD risk r/t insulin resistance, decreased HDL
levels, increased blood pressure, and inflammation
◉9 P21. Answer: genetic variant associated with a strong risk for
CAD
, ◉what is the risk of having an MI in relation to the age that it
occurred in a parent. Answer: inverse relationship
if you have a parent who had an MI at 40 you have a higher risk than
someone who's parent had one at 70
◉Women typically present with CAD symptoms 10 years earlier
than men
t/f. Answer: false
◉lipoprotein (a) and CAD. Answer: nontraditional risk factor
associated with atherosclerosis and thrombosis
genetically derived particle
at risk for premature CAD as well as stroke
◉elevated high sensitivity c reactive protein and CAD (hs-CRP).
Answer: acute phase reactant or protein
made in liver
indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque-related
inflammation/progression
inflammatory marker
the more inflammation the more likely to have plaque ruptures
