ALU 201 ULTIMATE STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (LATEST)
After chewing food, it is forced downward by gravity and rhythmic
contractions of muscles. This is called... - ANSWERS-Peristalsis
Food passes from the esophagus to the stomach through the... -
ANSWERS-Lower esophageal sphincter
The GE Junction is also known as the... - ANSWERS-Z-line (due to
appearance)
Major functions of the stomach include...
(2) - ANSWERS-Mechanical grinding of food
Enhancing chemical processes of digestion
The stomach [does/does not] absorb nutrients.
The stomach [is/is not] the main site of alcohol absorption
Another role of the stomach is production of... - ANSWERS-(1)
DOES NOT
(2) IS
(3) Intrinsic factor
,Digestive enzymes empty into the duodenum through the... -
ANSWERS-Ampulla or papilla of Vater
As nutrients pass through the rest of the small intestine, they are
absorbed through multiple projections of the mucosa, called... -
ANSWERS-Villi
Describe parts of the colon (5) - ANSWERS-Extends up the right side
of the abdomen (ASCENDING)
Takes a bend at the left of the liver (HEPATIC FLEXURE)
Crosses the upper abdomen (TRANSVERSE)
At the level of the spleen (SPLENIC FLEXURE), the colon turns
downward (DESCENDING)
Oral and esophageal cancer is usually... - ANSWERS-Squamous cell
carcinoma
____________________ ulcers are associated with Crohn's and
ulcerative colitis - ANSWERS-Apthous
Causes of ulcers include... (3) - ANSWERS-Gastric cancer, NSAIDs,
alcohol (NOT PPIs)
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax is... - ANSWERS-
Achalasia
,GERD can occur ___________________________ or in association
with a ______________________________________ - ANSWERS-
Idiopathically
Hiatal hernia
Further changes to the mucosa is
______________________________.
How does this appear? - ANSWERS-Barrett's esophagitis
Pink areas of mucosa
How do hernias occur? - ANSWERS-Stomach pushes up through the
diaphragm into the chest
Complication of hernias (specifically paraesophageal hernias) -
ANSWERS-Strangulation
Pancreatitis can be caused by... (7)
_____________________ pancreatitis has a high mortality rate -
ANSWERS-Alcohol, blockage of gallstones, medications, infection,
autoimmune disease, hypertriglyceridemia, and idiopathically
Acute
, Chronic pancreatitis can cause... (2) - ANSWERS-Inadequate insulin
production (diabetes), inadequate digestive enzyme production
(leading to malabsorption and weight loss)
Inflamed pancreas can cause fluid and debris to collect adjacent to the
pancreas, which over time can turn into a cyst-like mass, called a... -
ANSWERS-Pseudocyst
Pancreatic tumors are _____________, ______________, or
____________ - ANSWERS-Benign, malignant, or hormone-
producing (endocrine)
Can cause disease by mass effect, effect of excess hormone, and
spread to lymph nodes or the liver
Pancreatic cysts are.... - ANSWERS-Fluid filled lesions, often found
incidentally
Worrisome features of pancreatic cysts include... (4) - ANSWERS-
Size, any solid component, dilated pancreatic duct, and rapid growth
Celiac sprue is the most common cause of....
Labs associated with this include... - ANSWERS-Small bowel
mucosal blunting
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (LATEST)
After chewing food, it is forced downward by gravity and rhythmic
contractions of muscles. This is called... - ANSWERS-Peristalsis
Food passes from the esophagus to the stomach through the... -
ANSWERS-Lower esophageal sphincter
The GE Junction is also known as the... - ANSWERS-Z-line (due to
appearance)
Major functions of the stomach include...
(2) - ANSWERS-Mechanical grinding of food
Enhancing chemical processes of digestion
The stomach [does/does not] absorb nutrients.
The stomach [is/is not] the main site of alcohol absorption
Another role of the stomach is production of... - ANSWERS-(1)
DOES NOT
(2) IS
(3) Intrinsic factor
,Digestive enzymes empty into the duodenum through the... -
ANSWERS-Ampulla or papilla of Vater
As nutrients pass through the rest of the small intestine, they are
absorbed through multiple projections of the mucosa, called... -
ANSWERS-Villi
Describe parts of the colon (5) - ANSWERS-Extends up the right side
of the abdomen (ASCENDING)
Takes a bend at the left of the liver (HEPATIC FLEXURE)
Crosses the upper abdomen (TRANSVERSE)
At the level of the spleen (SPLENIC FLEXURE), the colon turns
downward (DESCENDING)
Oral and esophageal cancer is usually... - ANSWERS-Squamous cell
carcinoma
____________________ ulcers are associated with Crohn's and
ulcerative colitis - ANSWERS-Apthous
Causes of ulcers include... (3) - ANSWERS-Gastric cancer, NSAIDs,
alcohol (NOT PPIs)
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax is... - ANSWERS-
Achalasia
,GERD can occur ___________________________ or in association
with a ______________________________________ - ANSWERS-
Idiopathically
Hiatal hernia
Further changes to the mucosa is
______________________________.
How does this appear? - ANSWERS-Barrett's esophagitis
Pink areas of mucosa
How do hernias occur? - ANSWERS-Stomach pushes up through the
diaphragm into the chest
Complication of hernias (specifically paraesophageal hernias) -
ANSWERS-Strangulation
Pancreatitis can be caused by... (7)
_____________________ pancreatitis has a high mortality rate -
ANSWERS-Alcohol, blockage of gallstones, medications, infection,
autoimmune disease, hypertriglyceridemia, and idiopathically
Acute
, Chronic pancreatitis can cause... (2) - ANSWERS-Inadequate insulin
production (diabetes), inadequate digestive enzyme production
(leading to malabsorption and weight loss)
Inflamed pancreas can cause fluid and debris to collect adjacent to the
pancreas, which over time can turn into a cyst-like mass, called a... -
ANSWERS-Pseudocyst
Pancreatic tumors are _____________, ______________, or
____________ - ANSWERS-Benign, malignant, or hormone-
producing (endocrine)
Can cause disease by mass effect, effect of excess hormone, and
spread to lymph nodes or the liver
Pancreatic cysts are.... - ANSWERS-Fluid filled lesions, often found
incidentally
Worrisome features of pancreatic cysts include... (4) - ANSWERS-
Size, any solid component, dilated pancreatic duct, and rapid growth
Celiac sprue is the most common cause of....
Labs associated with this include... - ANSWERS-Small bowel
mucosal blunting
