NU 578 UNIT 3 PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(LATEST)
1. Which mechanism is responsible for primary hypertension?
A. Single gene mutation
B. Multifactorial interaction of genetics and environment
C. Infection
D. Trauma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary hypertension has no single cause; it results from
genetic predisposition combined with lifestyle and environmental
factors.
2. The most important long-term regulator of blood pressure is the:
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Brain
D. Lungs
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys regulate blood volume and sodium balance,
making them central to long-term BP control.
3. Activation of the RAAS system results in:
A. Vasodilation
B. Sodium excretion
C. Vasoconstriction and fluid retention
D. Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RAAS increases blood pressure via vasoconstriction and
sodium/water retention.
4. ACE inhibitors work by:
A. Increasing angiotensin II
B. Blocking conversion of angiotensin I to II
C. Increasing aldosterone
D. Stimulating renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II, lowering BP and
decreasing aldosterone.
,5. A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is:
A. Bradycardia
B. Dry cough
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accumulation of bradykinin causes the characteristic dry
cough.
6. Beta-blockers primarily:
A. Increase heart rate
B. Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
C. Increase BP
D. Dilate veins only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: They block β-receptors, reducing HR and contractility.
7. Left-sided heart failure commonly leads to:
, A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary congestion
C. Ascites
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood backs up into the lungs, causing congestion.
8. Right-sided heart failure leads to:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Peripheral edema
C. Cough
D. Hypoxia only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood backs up into systemic circulation, causing edema.
9. BNP is elevated in:
A. Kidney disease
B. Heart failure
C. Liver failure
D. Infection
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(LATEST)
1. Which mechanism is responsible for primary hypertension?
A. Single gene mutation
B. Multifactorial interaction of genetics and environment
C. Infection
D. Trauma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary hypertension has no single cause; it results from
genetic predisposition combined with lifestyle and environmental
factors.
2. The most important long-term regulator of blood pressure is the:
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Brain
D. Lungs
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys regulate blood volume and sodium balance,
making them central to long-term BP control.
3. Activation of the RAAS system results in:
A. Vasodilation
B. Sodium excretion
C. Vasoconstriction and fluid retention
D. Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RAAS increases blood pressure via vasoconstriction and
sodium/water retention.
4. ACE inhibitors work by:
A. Increasing angiotensin II
B. Blocking conversion of angiotensin I to II
C. Increasing aldosterone
D. Stimulating renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II, lowering BP and
decreasing aldosterone.
,5. A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is:
A. Bradycardia
B. Dry cough
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accumulation of bradykinin causes the characteristic dry
cough.
6. Beta-blockers primarily:
A. Increase heart rate
B. Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
C. Increase BP
D. Dilate veins only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: They block β-receptors, reducing HR and contractility.
7. Left-sided heart failure commonly leads to:
, A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary congestion
C. Ascites
D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood backs up into the lungs, causing congestion.
8. Right-sided heart failure leads to:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Peripheral edema
C. Cough
D. Hypoxia only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood backs up into systemic circulation, causing edema.
9. BNP is elevated in:
A. Kidney disease
B. Heart failure
C. Liver failure
D. Infection
