NSG3130 ASSESSMENT FOUR 2026
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
◉ serum lipid levels. Answer: fats can clog blood vessels and
decrease blood flow. LDL should be less than 130. HDL greater than
45. total cholesterol lower than 200.
◉ Serum Electrolytes. Answer: can affect the conduction of the heart
◉ Hemoglobin. Answer: An iron-containing protein in red blood
cells that reversibly binds oxygen.
◉ Creatinine kinase and troponin. Answer: is elevated with cardiac
cell death. usually indicates an MI
◉ Preload. Answer: amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at
the end of diastole. Increases due to increase of volume.
◉ Afterload. Answer: the resistance that has to be exceeded for the
ventricle to eject the blood during systole. Increases due to HTN or
vasoconstriction.
◉ cardiac output. Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
, ◉ Lifespan considerations. Answer: -HR goes down in older adults
-heart loses muscle tone which causes decrease of cardiac output
-BP will trend up with age
-Irregularities in infants and children in common
-atherosclerosis is the build up of plaque in the vascular walls. more
common in older adults
-HTN typically elevates in older populations
◉ African American and hispanic populations. Answer: are more
likely to develop chronic HTN and heart diseases
◉ Geriatric concerns. Answer: -blood vessels are less elastic
-impaired valves due to stiffness causing a decrease in CO
-Decreased baroreceptor response
◉ Non-modifiable risk factors. Answer: age, race, family, gender
ethnicity
◉ Modifiable risk factors. Answer: lifestyle, diseases, and stress
◉ metabolic syndrome. Answer: A syndrome marked by the
presence of usually three or more of a group of factors:
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
◉ serum lipid levels. Answer: fats can clog blood vessels and
decrease blood flow. LDL should be less than 130. HDL greater than
45. total cholesterol lower than 200.
◉ Serum Electrolytes. Answer: can affect the conduction of the heart
◉ Hemoglobin. Answer: An iron-containing protein in red blood
cells that reversibly binds oxygen.
◉ Creatinine kinase and troponin. Answer: is elevated with cardiac
cell death. usually indicates an MI
◉ Preload. Answer: amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at
the end of diastole. Increases due to increase of volume.
◉ Afterload. Answer: the resistance that has to be exceeded for the
ventricle to eject the blood during systole. Increases due to HTN or
vasoconstriction.
◉ cardiac output. Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
, ◉ Lifespan considerations. Answer: -HR goes down in older adults
-heart loses muscle tone which causes decrease of cardiac output
-BP will trend up with age
-Irregularities in infants and children in common
-atherosclerosis is the build up of plaque in the vascular walls. more
common in older adults
-HTN typically elevates in older populations
◉ African American and hispanic populations. Answer: are more
likely to develop chronic HTN and heart diseases
◉ Geriatric concerns. Answer: -blood vessels are less elastic
-impaired valves due to stiffness causing a decrease in CO
-Decreased baroreceptor response
◉ Non-modifiable risk factors. Answer: age, race, family, gender
ethnicity
◉ Modifiable risk factors. Answer: lifestyle, diseases, and stress
◉ metabolic syndrome. Answer: A syndrome marked by the
presence of usually three or more of a group of factors:
