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GLOBAL
EDITION
Strategic Management
and Competitive Advantage
Concepts and Cases
FIFTH EDITION
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Whatever your course goals,
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What’s Out?
Models, concepts, and topics that don’t pass a simple test:
“Does this help students analyze cases and real business situations?”
What’s In?
“VRIO” – an integrative framework (see next page for details).
■ Broad enough to apply in analyzing a variety of cases and real business
settings.
■ Simple enough to understand and teach.
VR I O
V R I O
V R I O
V R I O
The Results?
Provides students with the tools they need to do strategic analysis.
Nothing more. Nothing less.
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“VALUE. RARITY. IMITABILITY. ORGANIZATION.”
What Is It?
This book is not just a list of concepts, models, and theories. It is the first
undergraduate textbook to introduce a theory-based, multi-chapter organizing
framework to add additional structure to the field of strategic management.
“VRIO” is a mechanism that integrates two existing theoretical frameworks:
the positioning perspective and the resource-based view. It is the primary tool for
accomplishing internal analysis. It stands for four questions one must ask about a
resource or capability to determine its competitive potential:
1. The Question of Value: Does a resource enable a firm to exploit an
environmental opportunity, and/or neutralize an environmental threat?
2. The Question of Rarity: Is a resource currently controlled by only a small
number of competing firms?
3. The Question of Imitability: Do firms without a resource face a cost
disadvantage in obtaining or developing it?
4. The Question of Organization: Are a firm’s other policies and
procedures organized to support the exploitation of its valuable, rare, and
costly-to-imitate resources?
What’s the Benefit of the VRIO Framework?
The VRIO framework is the organizational foundation of the text. It creates a
decision-making framework for students to use in analyzing case and business
situations.
Students tend to view concepts, models, and theories (in all of their
coursework) as fragmented and disconnected. Strategy is no exception. This
view encourages rote memorization, not real understanding. VRIO, by serv-
ing as a consistent framework, connects ideas together. This encourages real
understanding, not memorization.
This understanding enables students to better analyze business cases and
situations—the goal of the course.
The VRIO framework makes it possible to discuss the formulation and
implementation of a strategy simultaneously, within each chapter.
Because the VRIO framework provides a simple integrative structure,
we are actually able to address issues in this book that are largely ignored
elsewhere—including discussions of vertical integration, outsourcing, real
options logic, and mergers and acquisitions, to name just a few.
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