NU 673 MIDTERM EXAMINATION TEST 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The
myelin sheaths, which create the white color, allow nerve impulses
to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter. Answer: B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated
fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend
into the brainstem. The brainstem, which connects the upper part of
the brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions: the midbrain, the
pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral
hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper
brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum. Answer: A. Reticular activating system
,- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral
hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper
brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all
movement and helps maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral. Answer: A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
◉ This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations
of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic. Answer: A. Somatic
,- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and
periph- eral nerves that project to the heart, visceral organs, skin,
and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous system, which regulates
muscle move- ments and response to the sensations of touch and
pain, and the autonomic nervous system that connects to internal
organs and gener- ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic
nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which
"mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress and
arousal, and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves
energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal. Answer: A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
, - The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses
to and from the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the
spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1
coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing
motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal) root containing sensory fibers.
The anterior and posterior roots merge to form a short spinal nerve,
<5 mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from
other levels in plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral
nerves emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory
(afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The
myelin sheaths, which create the white color, allow nerve impulses
to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter. Answer: B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated
fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend
into the brainstem. The brainstem, which connects the upper part of
the brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions: the midbrain, the
pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral
hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper
brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum. Answer: A. Reticular activating system
,- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral
hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper
brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal) system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all
movement and helps maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral. Answer: A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
◉ This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations
of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic. Answer: A. Somatic
,- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and
periph- eral nerves that project to the heart, visceral organs, skin,
and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous system, which regulates
muscle move- ments and response to the sensations of touch and
pain, and the autonomic nervous system that connects to internal
organs and gener- ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic
nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which
"mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress and
arousal, and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves
energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal. Answer: A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
, - The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses
to and from the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the
spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1
coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing
motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal) root containing sensory fibers.
The anterior and posterior roots merge to form a short spinal nerve,
<5 mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from
other levels in plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral
nerves emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory
(afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History
Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook
file.
◉ Determine the Cranial Nerve:
Oflactory: sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
