UPTP FINAL PAPER 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Probable Cause that needs corroboration. Answer: Anonymous
sources, confidential informants
◉ Ways to corroborate PC sources. Answer: 1st hand info, previous
reliability, predictable info, statements against interest, degree of
detachment
◉ Makes PC reliable. Answer: Timeliness, how long ago was the info
obtained?
◉ Helps corroborate PC. Answer: Who, what, when, where, how?
◉ Exclusionary Rule. Answer: Evidence obtained in violation of the
4th amendment is not admissible in court (Fruit of the poisonous
tree)
◉ Exclusionary Rule exceptions. Answer: Standing, Good Faith,
Inevitable discovery, impeachment, and foreign searches
,◉ Standing. Answer: Only the defendant with violated 4th rights can
benefit, must be proven with REP
◉ Good faith. Answer: Only applies when an officer reasonably relies
on a mistake made by someone else
◉ Inevitable discovery. Answer: Government proves they would
have found the evidence anyway, no need to suppress it because it
would have been found anyway
◉ Impeachment. Answer: When defendants choose to testify, they
must testify truthfully or suffer the consequences
◉ Foreign searches. Answer: 4th does not apply to a foreign search
as long as it was not solicited by USA
◉ How do you obtain an arrest warrant?. Answer: Complaint,
information, indictment
◉ Complaint. Answer: Probable cause from a LEO
◉ Information. Answer: Probable cause from a US attorney
◉ Indictment. Answer: Probable cause from Grand Jury charges
, ◉ Who does the 4th amendment apply to?. Answer: The
government when a search is conducted
◉ Who is the government in relation to the 4th amendment?.
Answer: Cops, agents, undercover agents, and confidential
informants. Citizens acting as an instrument or agent of the
government or under the direction of a government agent
◉ What can be searched?. Answer: Persons, dwellings, papers, and
effects
◉ Does the 4th apply to private citizens?. Answer: No
◉ Who is not the government?. Answer: Private citizens, parents,
significant others, nosy neighbors, hotel maids, delivery services,
foreign LEOs overseas, and others unconnected to the government
◉ What is a private search?. Answer: Private citizen, intends to help
the law but was not instructed to do so by any government agent
◉ What is a government search?. Answer: Government encourages
search to a private actor, reports back to law enforcement
QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Probable Cause that needs corroboration. Answer: Anonymous
sources, confidential informants
◉ Ways to corroborate PC sources. Answer: 1st hand info, previous
reliability, predictable info, statements against interest, degree of
detachment
◉ Makes PC reliable. Answer: Timeliness, how long ago was the info
obtained?
◉ Helps corroborate PC. Answer: Who, what, when, where, how?
◉ Exclusionary Rule. Answer: Evidence obtained in violation of the
4th amendment is not admissible in court (Fruit of the poisonous
tree)
◉ Exclusionary Rule exceptions. Answer: Standing, Good Faith,
Inevitable discovery, impeachment, and foreign searches
,◉ Standing. Answer: Only the defendant with violated 4th rights can
benefit, must be proven with REP
◉ Good faith. Answer: Only applies when an officer reasonably relies
on a mistake made by someone else
◉ Inevitable discovery. Answer: Government proves they would
have found the evidence anyway, no need to suppress it because it
would have been found anyway
◉ Impeachment. Answer: When defendants choose to testify, they
must testify truthfully or suffer the consequences
◉ Foreign searches. Answer: 4th does not apply to a foreign search
as long as it was not solicited by USA
◉ How do you obtain an arrest warrant?. Answer: Complaint,
information, indictment
◉ Complaint. Answer: Probable cause from a LEO
◉ Information. Answer: Probable cause from a US attorney
◉ Indictment. Answer: Probable cause from Grand Jury charges
, ◉ Who does the 4th amendment apply to?. Answer: The
government when a search is conducted
◉ Who is the government in relation to the 4th amendment?.
Answer: Cops, agents, undercover agents, and confidential
informants. Citizens acting as an instrument or agent of the
government or under the direction of a government agent
◉ What can be searched?. Answer: Persons, dwellings, papers, and
effects
◉ Does the 4th apply to private citizens?. Answer: No
◉ Who is not the government?. Answer: Private citizens, parents,
significant others, nosy neighbors, hotel maids, delivery services,
foreign LEOs overseas, and others unconnected to the government
◉ What is a private search?. Answer: Private citizen, intends to help
the law but was not instructed to do so by any government agent
◉ What is a government search?. Answer: Government encourages
search to a private actor, reports back to law enforcement
