A&P 2 Exam 1 Study Guide | Latest Test Questions & Answers | Verified 2026 | 2027 (Rated A+)

A&P 2 Exam 1 Study Guide | Latest Test Questions & Answers | Verified 2026 | 2027 (Rated A+) Quiz_________________? 1. Low oxygen levels in blood stimulate kidneys to produce erythropoietin 2. Erythropoietin levels rise in blood 3. Erythropoietin and necessary raw materials in blood promote erythropoiesis in red bone marrow 4. New erythrocytes enter bloodstream; function about 120 days 5. Aged and damaged red blood cells are engulfed by macrophages of liver, spleen, and bone marrow, the hemoglobin is broken down - ANSWER Describe the life cycle of an erythrocyte Quiz_________________? 1. Sinoatrial (SA) node = pacemaker Internal pathway 2. Atrioventricular (AV) node 3. Atriventruclar (AV) bundle (Bundle is His) 4. Bundle Branches 5. Purkinje fibers - ANSWER Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system Quiz_________________? 4 - ANSWER Heart Valves Quiz_________________? 4 pulmonary veins - ANSWER Left Atrium Quiz_________________? 45% Formed Elements 55% Plasma 1% Platelets and White Blood Cells - ANSWER List the 4 components of blood and their percentages Quiz_________________? Amount of pressure on the walls of blood vessels HP in arterioles high = low in venules - ANSWER Hydrostatic Pressure HP Quiz_________________? Anastomoses - Joining together of blood vessels, forming interconnections that allow for alternative routes for blood to reach the same organ Veins form anastomoses more freely than arteries - ANSWER Vascular Anastomoses Quiz_________________? Aortic semilunar valve (located in left ventricle, behind the mitral valve); gate to aorta Pulmonary semilunar valve (located at the base of the pulmonary trunk) When ventricles relax, AV valves open When ventricles contract, AV valves close - ANSWER Semilunar Valves Quiz_________________? Are the site for exchange of substances - Gases - Nutrients - Wastes only have tunica intima They are fragile, yet highly permeable for exchange of substances The lymphatic system takes up what is leaked from capillaries and recycles it - ANSWER Capillaries Quiz_________________? Arteries and arterioles: Carry blood away from the heart and to the body Capillaries: Connect arterioles and venules Venules and Veins: Carry blood from the body to the heart - ANSWER Describe the anatomy of the different blood vessel types (types of arteries & capillaries included) Quiz_________________? At rest -70mV Upward spike = depolarization, sodium enters the cell Plateau = calcium enters the cell Downward slope = repolarization, potassium exits cell - ANSWER Explain the physiology of cardiac muscle contraction (Action potential) Quiz_________________? Between atria Fossa ovalis - used to be foramen ovalis (in utero) fetal feature, seals after birth - ANSWER Interatrial septum