NU606 EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
◉Symptom. Answer: a. subjective feelings; ex: pain, nausea
◉Acute. Answer: indicates short-term illness that develops quickly
with marked signs such as high fever or severe pain; ex: acute
appendicitis
◉Chronic. Answer: milder condition developing gradually, but it
persists for a long time and usually causes more permanent tissue
damage, intermittent acute episodes; ex: rheumatoid arthritis
◉Syndrome. Answer: collection of signs and symptoms, often
affecting more than one organ, that usually occur together in
response to a certain condition
◉Manifestation. Answer: clinical evidence or effects, the signs and
symptoms of disease (local such as redness or swelling; systemic
such as fever; general indicators of illness)
,◉Etiology. Answer: concerns the causative factors in a particular
disease (one or more); ex: congenital defects, inherited or genetic
disorders, microorganisms, malignancy, burns, trauma, and
environmental factors.
◉Hypertrophy. Answer: increase in the size of individual cells,
resulting in an enlarged tissue mass. Caused by: additional work by
the tissue; ex: effect of consistent exercise on muscle. Excessive
hormonal stimulation.
◉Metaplasia. Answer: occurs when one mature cell type is replaced
by a different mature cells time. Cause may results from a vitamin A
deficit. Sometimes may be an adaptive mechanism that provide a
more resistant tissue, ex: stratified squamous epithelium replaced
ciliated columnar epithelium in the respiratory tracts of cigarette
smokers.
◉Anaplasia. Answer: cells that are undifferentiated with variable
nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic figures. Seen in
most but not all malignant tumors and is the basis for grading the
aggressiveness of a tumor.
◉Atrophy. Answer: decrease in the size of cells, results in a reduced
tissue mass; common causes: reduced use of tissue, insufficient
nutrition, decreased neurological or hormonal stimulation, and
aging. Ex: shrinkage of skeletal muscle after immobilized in a cast
, ◉Protooncogenes. Answer: a. when proto-oncogenes are converted
to an onco gene, a cell can become malignant; they encode proteins
that function in a cells' normal activity. Proto-oncogenes are normal
cellular genes that promote growth. Proto-oncogenes are not the
same as oncogenes, which are mutant proto-oncogenes. They are
different from tumor-suppressor genes and do not alter tumor-
suppressor genes. Mutational events lead to oncogenes, a mutated
proto-oncogene.
◉Cancer. Answer: a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of
abnormal cells in a part of the body
◉Lipoma. Answer: benign tumor of fatty tissue
◉Adenoma. Answer: benign tumor of epithelial tissue of a gland
◉Fibrosarcoma. Answer: malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
◉Adenocarcinoma. Answer: malignant tumor of epithelial lining of a
gland
◉Complication. Answer: a. new secondary or additional problems
that arise after the original disease begins; ex: CHF after a heart
attack.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
◉Symptom. Answer: a. subjective feelings; ex: pain, nausea
◉Acute. Answer: indicates short-term illness that develops quickly
with marked signs such as high fever or severe pain; ex: acute
appendicitis
◉Chronic. Answer: milder condition developing gradually, but it
persists for a long time and usually causes more permanent tissue
damage, intermittent acute episodes; ex: rheumatoid arthritis
◉Syndrome. Answer: collection of signs and symptoms, often
affecting more than one organ, that usually occur together in
response to a certain condition
◉Manifestation. Answer: clinical evidence or effects, the signs and
symptoms of disease (local such as redness or swelling; systemic
such as fever; general indicators of illness)
,◉Etiology. Answer: concerns the causative factors in a particular
disease (one or more); ex: congenital defects, inherited or genetic
disorders, microorganisms, malignancy, burns, trauma, and
environmental factors.
◉Hypertrophy. Answer: increase in the size of individual cells,
resulting in an enlarged tissue mass. Caused by: additional work by
the tissue; ex: effect of consistent exercise on muscle. Excessive
hormonal stimulation.
◉Metaplasia. Answer: occurs when one mature cell type is replaced
by a different mature cells time. Cause may results from a vitamin A
deficit. Sometimes may be an adaptive mechanism that provide a
more resistant tissue, ex: stratified squamous epithelium replaced
ciliated columnar epithelium in the respiratory tracts of cigarette
smokers.
◉Anaplasia. Answer: cells that are undifferentiated with variable
nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic figures. Seen in
most but not all malignant tumors and is the basis for grading the
aggressiveness of a tumor.
◉Atrophy. Answer: decrease in the size of cells, results in a reduced
tissue mass; common causes: reduced use of tissue, insufficient
nutrition, decreased neurological or hormonal stimulation, and
aging. Ex: shrinkage of skeletal muscle after immobilized in a cast
, ◉Protooncogenes. Answer: a. when proto-oncogenes are converted
to an onco gene, a cell can become malignant; they encode proteins
that function in a cells' normal activity. Proto-oncogenes are normal
cellular genes that promote growth. Proto-oncogenes are not the
same as oncogenes, which are mutant proto-oncogenes. They are
different from tumor-suppressor genes and do not alter tumor-
suppressor genes. Mutational events lead to oncogenes, a mutated
proto-oncogene.
◉Cancer. Answer: a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of
abnormal cells in a part of the body
◉Lipoma. Answer: benign tumor of fatty tissue
◉Adenoma. Answer: benign tumor of epithelial tissue of a gland
◉Fibrosarcoma. Answer: malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
◉Adenocarcinoma. Answer: malignant tumor of epithelial lining of a
gland
◉Complication. Answer: a. new secondary or additional problems
that arise after the original disease begins; ex: CHF after a heart
attack.
