ASBOG EXAM (1-40)
Questions & Answers
Updated 2026
WhatBisBtheBapparentBdipBofBaBbed?B-
BAnswerApparentBdipBofBaBbedBorBplaneBisBtheBinclinationBofBthatBbedBorBplaneBinBa
BdirectionBnotBperpendicularBtoBstrike.
WhatBisBaBfoldBlineBandBhowBisBitBused?B-
BAnswerTheBfoldBlineBisBaBhingeBlineBalongBwhichBaBverticalBcrossBsectionBmayBbeBco
nstructedBandBthenBflattenedBoutBtoBaBhorizontalBorBmapBview.BItBisBusedBtoBrepresen
tBtheBsubsurfaceBalongBanyBgivenBlineBinBaBmapBview.BItBneedBnotBbeBperpendicularBt
oBstrike.
WhatBisBtheBangleBandBsideBrelationshipsBforBtheBsinBequation?B-
BAnswersinBalphaBequalsBtheBoppositeBsideBdividedBbyBtheBhypotenuse.
WhatBisBtheBangleBandBsideBrelationshipsBforBtheBtangentBequation?B-
BAnswerTanBalphaBequalsBoppositeBsideBdividedBbyBadjacentBside.
WhatBisBtheBgeneralBformBofBtheBthicknessBequationBandBwhyBwouldn'tByouBwantBtoB
useBit?B-
BAnswerGraphicallyBdeterminingBthicknessBisBquickerBandBsimplerBbecauseByouBhaveBto
BdrawBaBcrossectionBtoBdefineBtheBvariablesBinBtheBequation.
IfByouBhaveBaBflatBsurfaceBandBanBoutcropBwidthBthatBisBnotBperpendicularBtoBstrike,B
whatBequationBwouldByouBuseBtoBcalculateBtheBthicknessBofBtheBunit?B-
BAnswerthicknessBequalsBtheBtraverseBdistanceBacrossBtheBoutcropBtimesBtheBsinBofBth
eBangleBbetweenBstrikeBandBapparentBdipBdirectionBtimesBtheBsinBofBtheBdip.
, WhatBisBtheBgeneralBequationBforBcalculatingBtheBapparentBdipBofBaBbedBandBwhenBc
an'tBthisBequationBbeBused?BWhatBotherBmethodsBcanBbeBusedBasBanBalternative?B-
BAnswerTangentBofBapparentBdipBequalsBtheBtangentBofBtheBdipBmultipliedBbyBtheBsin
BofBtheBangleBbetweenBstrikeBandBapparentBdipBdirection.
ThisBequationBcan'tBbeBusedBforBsolvingBtrueBstrikeBandBdipBfromBtwoBapparentBdips.B
inBorderBtoBsolveBaBproblemBinvolvingBtwoBapparentBdipsByouBmustBeitherBsolveBgrap
hicallyBorBusingBtheBstereoBnet.BTheBstereoBnetBsolutionBisBmuchBsimplerBandBlessBtim
eBconsuming.
WhatBdefinesBanBIndexBFossil?B-
BAnswerAnBindexBfossilBidentifiesBandBdatesBtheBstrataBinBwhichBitBisBfound.BItBcombi
nesBaBwideBgeographicBrangeBwithBaBnarrowBstratigraphicBoccurrence.
WhatBisBtheBnetBslipBandBwhereBisBitBmeasured?B-
BAnswerNetBslipBisBtheBdistanceBbetweenBtwoBformerlyBadjacentBpointsBonBeitherBside
BofBaBfault,BmeasuredBonBtheBfaultBsurface,BinBtheBplaneBofBtheBfault.
WhatBisBanBunconformity?B-
BAnswerAnBunconformityBisBaBgapBinBtheBgeologicBrecord;BanBinterruptionBinBtheBdep
ositionalBsequenceBthatBimpliesBupliftBandBerosionBhaveBremovedBpartBofBtheBgeologic
alBrecordBorBnonBdepositionBhasBoccurred.
WhatBisBtheBRuleBofBVs?B-
BAnswerTheBoutcropBofBaBformationBasBitBcrossesBaBvalleyBformsBaBVBshape,BasBviewe
dBonBaBmap.BTheBVBpointsBinBtheBdirectionBthatBtheBformationBunderliesBtheBvalley.
WhatBisBaBtypeBlocality?B-
BAnswerABtypeBlocalityBisBtheBplaceBwhereBaBgeologicBfeature,BsuchBasBaBfossilBspecie
sBorBgeologicBformationBorBmember,BwasBfirstBrecognizedBandBdescribed.BItBcontainsBt
heBtypeBsection.
DefineBtypeBsection.B-
BAnswerTypeBsectionBisBtheBoriginallyBdescribedBstratigraphicBunitBtoBwhichBotherBpart
sBofBtheBunitBinBotherBlocationsBmayBbeBcompared.BItBisBpreferableBtoBdescribeBtheBl