CITI Social and Behavioral Research Exam
Questions with Verified Correct Answers(100%
Verified Q&A)-Latest Update 2026/27 | Graded A+
Question 1
Belmont Report
Answer: provides the ethical framework for the federal regulations designed to
protect human research subjects. ✓ ✓
Question 2
Belmont Report and Its Principles
Answer: The Belmont Report established three core principles for human subjects
research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. ✓ ✓
Question 3
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two
ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous
agents, and second, that:
Answer: Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. ✓ ✓
Question 4
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two
ethical convictions:
Answer: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second,
that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. Persons with
diminished autonomy should not be excluded from participating in research,
because then they would be excluded from receiving the benefits of research. The
Belmont Report does not limit persons with diminished autonomy from
participating in greater than minimal risk research. The Belmont Report also does
not limit persons involved in research from benefitting financially. ✓ ✓
Question 5
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be
applied to a study employing human subjects?
Answer: Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a
minimization of risks. ✓ ✓
,Question 6
The principle of beneficence
Answer: The principle of beneficence includes the obligation of researchers to strive
to do no harm and to maximize benefits and minimize harms. "Persons are treated
in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them
from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their well-being" (The National
Commission 1979). The principle of beneficence can be applied to a study
employing human subjects by determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks. Providing detailed information during consent
and ensuring persons with diminished autonomy are protected would be examples
of applying the principle of respect for persons. Ensuring the selection of subjects is
equitable is an example of applying the principle of justice. ✓ ✓
Question 7
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
Answer: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice ✓ ✓
Question 8
The three principles discussed in the Belmont Report are
Answer: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice. ✓ ✓
Question 9
Students in Research
Answer: A master's degree candidate needs to conduct a research project for her
master's thesis. She is interested in the types of junk food available to the public.
She plans on going to the local convenience stores and asking the owners what
types of junk food the store normally stocks and which are the biggest sellers.
Identifiers will not be collected. This study would fall under which of the following? -
Not Human Subjects ✓ ✓
Question 10
This study would qualify as not human subjects because
Answer: the data that the student is collecting does not meet the definition of
human subjects research as stated by federal regulations. She is not collecting any
information about the store owners, but her study mainly seeks to find information
about the items in the store. ✓ ✓
Question 11
The history of ethical regulations in human subjects research began with the
Answer: Nuremberg Code ✓ ✓
, Question 12
Nuremberg Code
Answer: Prior to the Nuremberg Code in 1949, the U.S. did not have a set of ethical
regulations in human subjects research. The Nuremberg Code paved the way in
creating the human subjects research guidelines and regulations we follow today. ✓
✓
Question 13
How can faculty researchers avoid undue influence of student subjects?
Answer: Avoid using their own students in their research ✓ ✓
Question 14
Avoid using their own students in their research
Answer: By recruiting students from other classes, faculty researchers can minimize
the potential of undue influence. Students from the faculty's own classroom may
feel coerced to participate, so to protect them, students who do not have any
courses with the faculty should be recruited when possible. ✓ ✓
Question 15
Per federal regulations, which of the following elements must be included in an
informed consent document?
Answer: All foreseeable risks and discomforts. ✓ ✓
Question 16
The federal regulations require
Answer: all foreseeable risks and discomforts must be included in an informed
consent. ✓ ✓
Question 17
Which type of IRB review does not require an IRB approval but does require a
determination by the IRB or an IRB designee?
Answer: Exempt ✓ ✓
Question 18
Exempt research is
Answer: research with human subjects. However, it is "exempt" from the provisions
stated in Title 45, Part 46, Subpart A (the Common Rule). Federal guidance
recommends that investigators not be allowed to self-determine whether a study
qualifies for exemption. Therefore, exempt studies generally are reviewed and
Questions with Verified Correct Answers(100%
Verified Q&A)-Latest Update 2026/27 | Graded A+
Question 1
Belmont Report
Answer: provides the ethical framework for the federal regulations designed to
protect human research subjects. ✓ ✓
Question 2
Belmont Report and Its Principles
Answer: The Belmont Report established three core principles for human subjects
research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. ✓ ✓
Question 3
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two
ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous
agents, and second, that:
Answer: Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. ✓ ✓
Question 4
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two
ethical convictions:
Answer: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second,
that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. Persons with
diminished autonomy should not be excluded from participating in research,
because then they would be excluded from receiving the benefits of research. The
Belmont Report does not limit persons with diminished autonomy from
participating in greater than minimal risk research. The Belmont Report also does
not limit persons involved in research from benefitting financially. ✓ ✓
Question 5
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be
applied to a study employing human subjects?
Answer: Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a
minimization of risks. ✓ ✓
,Question 6
The principle of beneficence
Answer: The principle of beneficence includes the obligation of researchers to strive
to do no harm and to maximize benefits and minimize harms. "Persons are treated
in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them
from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their well-being" (The National
Commission 1979). The principle of beneficence can be applied to a study
employing human subjects by determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks. Providing detailed information during consent
and ensuring persons with diminished autonomy are protected would be examples
of applying the principle of respect for persons. Ensuring the selection of subjects is
equitable is an example of applying the principle of justice. ✓ ✓
Question 7
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
Answer: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice ✓ ✓
Question 8
The three principles discussed in the Belmont Report are
Answer: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice. ✓ ✓
Question 9
Students in Research
Answer: A master's degree candidate needs to conduct a research project for her
master's thesis. She is interested in the types of junk food available to the public.
She plans on going to the local convenience stores and asking the owners what
types of junk food the store normally stocks and which are the biggest sellers.
Identifiers will not be collected. This study would fall under which of the following? -
Not Human Subjects ✓ ✓
Question 10
This study would qualify as not human subjects because
Answer: the data that the student is collecting does not meet the definition of
human subjects research as stated by federal regulations. She is not collecting any
information about the store owners, but her study mainly seeks to find information
about the items in the store. ✓ ✓
Question 11
The history of ethical regulations in human subjects research began with the
Answer: Nuremberg Code ✓ ✓
, Question 12
Nuremberg Code
Answer: Prior to the Nuremberg Code in 1949, the U.S. did not have a set of ethical
regulations in human subjects research. The Nuremberg Code paved the way in
creating the human subjects research guidelines and regulations we follow today. ✓
✓
Question 13
How can faculty researchers avoid undue influence of student subjects?
Answer: Avoid using their own students in their research ✓ ✓
Question 14
Avoid using their own students in their research
Answer: By recruiting students from other classes, faculty researchers can minimize
the potential of undue influence. Students from the faculty's own classroom may
feel coerced to participate, so to protect them, students who do not have any
courses with the faculty should be recruited when possible. ✓ ✓
Question 15
Per federal regulations, which of the following elements must be included in an
informed consent document?
Answer: All foreseeable risks and discomforts. ✓ ✓
Question 16
The federal regulations require
Answer: all foreseeable risks and discomforts must be included in an informed
consent. ✓ ✓
Question 17
Which type of IRB review does not require an IRB approval but does require a
determination by the IRB or an IRB designee?
Answer: Exempt ✓ ✓
Question 18
Exempt research is
Answer: research with human subjects. However, it is "exempt" from the provisions
stated in Title 45, Part 46, Subpart A (the Common Rule). Federal guidance
recommends that investigators not be allowed to self-determine whether a study
qualifies for exemption. Therefore, exempt studies generally are reviewed and
