N3661 FINAL REVIEW - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Fvd s&s - ans.... -- decreased bp
- Tachy
- Acute weight loss
Poor skin turgor
Elevated temp
Thready pulse
Fvd treatment - ans.... -- iv lactated ringer or nacl
- once balance established- hypotonic solution (0.45% nacl) to provide
electrolytes and water
Fvo risk factors - ans.... -- hf
- renal failure
- cirrhosis of liver
- overdoes of na fluids
- prolonged use of corticosteriods
Fvo s&s - ans.... -- edema
- distended neck veins
- crackles in lung
- tachy
- bounding pulse
,- increased bp
- increased weight
- sob
Fvo labs - ans.... -- hct and hgb decreased
- decreased serum osmolality
- decreased bun
Fvo treatment - ans.... -- monitor i&o
- daily weight
- na restricted diet
- fluid restrictions
- diuretics
- monitor n a and k levels
Soduim lvls - ans.... -135-145
Hyponatremia - ans.... -- mental status
- seizure precautions , coma
- gradual replacement- can cause cerebral edema
- headache, confusion, dizzy, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- hyperactive bowel
- hx hf
Hyponatremia treatment - ans.... -- water restriction
, - na replacement oral if can
- iv lr or ns
- if siadh is cause- hypertonic fluids, restrict fluids, diuretics
Hypernatremia - ans.... -- restless
- muscle twitching, weak muscles, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- thirst
- n&v
- serum osmolality >300
- elevated temp
- dry, swollen tongue
- sticky ucosa
Hypernatremia treatment - ans.... -- hypotonic electrolyte solution
- d5w
- assess otc sources of sodium
- fluids
Potassium lvls - ans.... -3.5-5.0 meq/l
Hypokalemia s&s - ans.... -- dysrhythmias
- glucose intolerance
- on diuretics
- diarrhea
- lethargy
UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Fvd s&s - ans.... -- decreased bp
- Tachy
- Acute weight loss
Poor skin turgor
Elevated temp
Thready pulse
Fvd treatment - ans.... -- iv lactated ringer or nacl
- once balance established- hypotonic solution (0.45% nacl) to provide
electrolytes and water
Fvo risk factors - ans.... -- hf
- renal failure
- cirrhosis of liver
- overdoes of na fluids
- prolonged use of corticosteriods
Fvo s&s - ans.... -- edema
- distended neck veins
- crackles in lung
- tachy
- bounding pulse
,- increased bp
- increased weight
- sob
Fvo labs - ans.... -- hct and hgb decreased
- decreased serum osmolality
- decreased bun
Fvo treatment - ans.... -- monitor i&o
- daily weight
- na restricted diet
- fluid restrictions
- diuretics
- monitor n a and k levels
Soduim lvls - ans.... -135-145
Hyponatremia - ans.... -- mental status
- seizure precautions , coma
- gradual replacement- can cause cerebral edema
- headache, confusion, dizzy, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- hyperactive bowel
- hx hf
Hyponatremia treatment - ans.... -- water restriction
, - na replacement oral if can
- iv lr or ns
- if siadh is cause- hypertonic fluids, restrict fluids, diuretics
Hypernatremia - ans.... -- restless
- muscle twitching, weak muscles, decreased deep tendon reflexes
- thirst
- n&v
- serum osmolality >300
- elevated temp
- dry, swollen tongue
- sticky ucosa
Hypernatremia treatment - ans.... -- hypotonic electrolyte solution
- d5w
- assess otc sources of sodium
- fluids
Potassium lvls - ans.... -3.5-5.0 meq/l
Hypokalemia s&s - ans.... -- dysrhythmias
- glucose intolerance
- on diuretics
- diarrhea
- lethargy
