Summary Atoms, Bonds & Structures

​Unit​​5​​–​​Atoms,​​Bonds​​&​​Structures​
​ educing​​the​​Number​​of​​Protons,​​Neutrons​​&​
D
​Electrons​​in​​Atoms​​or​​Ions​




​This​​tells​​us:​
​●​ ​How​​many​​protons​​in​​the​​nucleus​
​●​ ​How​​many​​in​​electrons​​in​​the​​atom​​(-/+​​charge)​
​●​ ​How​​many​​neutrons​​in​​the​​nucleus​​(mass​​no​​-​​atomic​​no)​


​Deducing​​Electron​​Configuration​​of​​an​​Atom​​or​​Ion​
​Subshells​​&​​orbitals​
​●​ ​S​​=​​2​
​●​ ​P​​=​​6​
​●​ ​D​​=​​10​
​●​ ​F​​=​​14​
​●​ ​G​​=​​18​
​●​ ​Etc….​

​1s2​​2s2​​2p6​​3s2​​3p6​​4s2​​3d10​​4p6​​5s2….​
​Noble​​gases​​can​​be​​used​​to​​substitute​​longer​​electron​​configurations​

​[Ne]​​=​​1s2​​2s2​​2p6​

​The​​Aufbau​​Principle​
​ his​​states​​that​​electrons​​fill​​atomic​​orbitals​​of​​the​​lowest​​available​​energy​​level​​first​​so​​the​
T
​atom​​is​​more​​stable​


​Paulo​​Exclusion​​Principle​
​This​​states​​that​​an​​orbital​​can​​hold​​a​​maximum​​of​​two​​electrons​​with​​opposite​​spins​


​Hund’s​​Rule​
​Every​​Orbital​​within​​a​​subshell​​must​​have​​at​​least​​one​​electron​​before​​doubling​​up.​