WGU D322 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
⫸ Knowledge in DIKW. Answer: Information that has been put to
use; information placed into a context. Refined information such that
the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of
information when needed.
⫸ Wisdom in DIKW. Answer: Provides a social setting to
knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can only come by having
both knowledge and experience.
⫸ Information Systems. Answer: A collection of data and
information used to support the management of an organization. Also
refers to the technical components and human resources that enable
the assembly, storage, and processing of data and the delivery of
information. This has existed for a lot longer than computers.
⫸ Characteristics of Quality Data. Answer: Relevance - the data
being used must apply directly to the decision being made
Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely
manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
,Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and
should be captured as close to the point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection
processes across collections points and over time
⫸ IPOS. Answer: The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
⫸ Input. Answer: Raw data is entered by the user.
⫸ Processing. Answer: Raw data is organized or structured for
usefulness.
⫸ Output. Answer: Information is output so user can see results.
⫸ Storage. Answer: Processed information is stored for permanent
record.
⫸ Computer System. Answer: A collection of components that work
together to meet the needs of the user; typically categorized as either
hardware, software, networks, or users.
⫸ Hardware. Answer: Physical components of a computer system
which include the system unit and its components and peripheral
devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
,⫸ Software. Answer: Computer programs that tell the computer what
to do--how to execute commands and process information
⫸ Network. Answer: A collection of computers and resources
connected by various media so that they can communicate with each
other.
⫸ User. Answer: Those who use a computer.
⫸ Software Categories. Answer: Systems Software and Applications
Software
⫸ Evolution of Users. Answer: First users were the engineers who
built and programmed computers, then employees who had received
specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone
can be a user.
⫸ Protocol. Answer: Rules provided by which networks
communicate with each other.
⫸ TCP/IP. Answer: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that
communicate over the Internet.
⫸ Protocol Stack. Answer: A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an
example.
, ⫸ Components of a Computer. Answer: CPU, Memory and Storage,
Peripheral Devices
⫸ CPU. Answer: Executes programs' instructions and commands
various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip".
⫸ Memory. Answer: Stores the programs being executed and the data
they are using.
⫸ I/O Subsystem. Answer: All peripheral devices where long term
storage devices are used.
⫸ Bus. Answer: Permits information to move between each
component; electrical channels that enable communication among the
electronic components
⫸ System Unit. Answer: Critical component of all computer based
systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order
to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
⫸ Internal Components of the System Unit. Answer: Case, Internal
Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler,
Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion
Slots/Cards
⫸ Parts of the CPU. Answer: Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the
instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls
the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
⫸ Knowledge in DIKW. Answer: Information that has been put to
use; information placed into a context. Refined information such that
the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of
information when needed.
⫸ Wisdom in DIKW. Answer: Provides a social setting to
knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can only come by having
both knowledge and experience.
⫸ Information Systems. Answer: A collection of data and
information used to support the management of an organization. Also
refers to the technical components and human resources that enable
the assembly, storage, and processing of data and the delivery of
information. This has existed for a lot longer than computers.
⫸ Characteristics of Quality Data. Answer: Relevance - the data
being used must apply directly to the decision being made
Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely
manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
,Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and
should be captured as close to the point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection
processes across collections points and over time
⫸ IPOS. Answer: The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
⫸ Input. Answer: Raw data is entered by the user.
⫸ Processing. Answer: Raw data is organized or structured for
usefulness.
⫸ Output. Answer: Information is output so user can see results.
⫸ Storage. Answer: Processed information is stored for permanent
record.
⫸ Computer System. Answer: A collection of components that work
together to meet the needs of the user; typically categorized as either
hardware, software, networks, or users.
⫸ Hardware. Answer: Physical components of a computer system
which include the system unit and its components and peripheral
devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
,⫸ Software. Answer: Computer programs that tell the computer what
to do--how to execute commands and process information
⫸ Network. Answer: A collection of computers and resources
connected by various media so that they can communicate with each
other.
⫸ User. Answer: Those who use a computer.
⫸ Software Categories. Answer: Systems Software and Applications
Software
⫸ Evolution of Users. Answer: First users were the engineers who
built and programmed computers, then employees who had received
specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone
can be a user.
⫸ Protocol. Answer: Rules provided by which networks
communicate with each other.
⫸ TCP/IP. Answer: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that
communicate over the Internet.
⫸ Protocol Stack. Answer: A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an
example.
, ⫸ Components of a Computer. Answer: CPU, Memory and Storage,
Peripheral Devices
⫸ CPU. Answer: Executes programs' instructions and commands
various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip".
⫸ Memory. Answer: Stores the programs being executed and the data
they are using.
⫸ I/O Subsystem. Answer: All peripheral devices where long term
storage devices are used.
⫸ Bus. Answer: Permits information to move between each
component; electrical channels that enable communication among the
electronic components
⫸ System Unit. Answer: Critical component of all computer based
systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order
to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
⫸ Internal Components of the System Unit. Answer: Case, Internal
Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler,
Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion
Slots/Cards
⫸ Parts of the CPU. Answer: Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the
instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls
the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
