WGU C175 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● A company posts an internet-based newsletter about their products.
What advantage will this company gain from the relational database
management system that will store customer information?
Answer: Improved query response time
●● What is the method of organizing attributes into tables?
Answer: Data NORMALIZATION
●● What should a company expect from implementing a business
intelligence system?
Answer: - Financial: Increased profitability
- Productivity: Increased throughput, decreased workloads
- Trust: greater satisfaction
- Risk: improved visibility
●● What is a relational model?
Answer: A database model based on mathematical principles
,●● What are the 3 mathematical concepts of the relational model?
Answer: - Domain
- Tuple
- Relation
●● Define: Domain
Answer: Set of values = 'Data Type'
●● Define: Tuple
Answer: Finite sequence of values pulled from a fixed domain = 'Row'
●● Define: Relation
Answer: A named set of tuples, all from same domain = 'Table'
●● A tuple position is called a:
Answer: Attribute
●● How is cardinality depicted in a diagram for many, one, and zero?
Answer: - Many = Crow's Foot
- One = a bar across the end of a relationship (--||--)
- Zero = Circle
, ●● Difference between Unary and Binary:
Answer: - Unary: One entity involved in relationship (one box, one line)
- Binary: Two entities (two boxes combined by one line)
●● If an entity is mandatory, how is it depicted in an ER diagram?
Answer: With a single vertical line through the relationship line
●● What does an 'M' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram?
Answer: Mandatory
●● What does a 'PI' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram?
Answer: Primary Identifier - used for attribute(s) that uniquely identify
the whole entity
●● How are maxima and minima depicted in an ER diagram?
Answer: Maxima is the first letter/number shown (outside of the entity)
and Minima is the letter next to it in parentheses
●● Define: Singular Attribute
Answer: Each entity instance has at most ONE attribute instance
●● Define: Plural Attribute
FOUNDATIONS EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● A company posts an internet-based newsletter about their products.
What advantage will this company gain from the relational database
management system that will store customer information?
Answer: Improved query response time
●● What is the method of organizing attributes into tables?
Answer: Data NORMALIZATION
●● What should a company expect from implementing a business
intelligence system?
Answer: - Financial: Increased profitability
- Productivity: Increased throughput, decreased workloads
- Trust: greater satisfaction
- Risk: improved visibility
●● What is a relational model?
Answer: A database model based on mathematical principles
,●● What are the 3 mathematical concepts of the relational model?
Answer: - Domain
- Tuple
- Relation
●● Define: Domain
Answer: Set of values = 'Data Type'
●● Define: Tuple
Answer: Finite sequence of values pulled from a fixed domain = 'Row'
●● Define: Relation
Answer: A named set of tuples, all from same domain = 'Table'
●● A tuple position is called a:
Answer: Attribute
●● How is cardinality depicted in a diagram for many, one, and zero?
Answer: - Many = Crow's Foot
- One = a bar across the end of a relationship (--||--)
- Zero = Circle
, ●● Difference between Unary and Binary:
Answer: - Unary: One entity involved in relationship (one box, one line)
- Binary: Two entities (two boxes combined by one line)
●● If an entity is mandatory, how is it depicted in an ER diagram?
Answer: With a single vertical line through the relationship line
●● What does an 'M' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram?
Answer: Mandatory
●● What does a 'PI' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram?
Answer: Primary Identifier - used for attribute(s) that uniquely identify
the whole entity
●● How are maxima and minima depicted in an ER diagram?
Answer: Maxima is the first letter/number shown (outside of the entity)
and Minima is the letter next to it in parentheses
●● Define: Singular Attribute
Answer: Each entity instance has at most ONE attribute instance
●● Define: Plural Attribute
