ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Exam Prep 2026 |
151 Questions & Answers | Verified Q&A
1. What is the primary function of CYP17 inhibitors in cancer treatment?
To enhance immune response against tumors.
To increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
To block the production of androgens.
To reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea.
2. Describe the role of alkylating agents in cancer treatment and how they
function at the cellular level.
Alkylating agents block the action of specific enzymes involved in
DNA replication.
Alkylating agents inhibit the synthesis of RNA, preventing protein
production.
Alkylating agents enhance the immune response against cancer cells.
Alkylating agents work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, leading to
DNA damage and cell death.
3. A patient experiences nausea and vomiting two days after receiving
chemotherapy. What type of CINV is this likely to be, and what management
strategies might be considered?
This is likely anticipatory CINV, requiring only psychological support.
This is likely acute CINV, and management would focus on dietary
changes only.
This is likely breakthrough CINV, which would not require any
additional treatment.
, This is likely delayed CINV, and management strategies may include
the use of antiemetic medications and hydration.
4. If a patient experiences diarrhea lasting for 10 days after starting
chemotherapy, what classification would this condition fall under?
Recurrent diarrhea
Persistent diarrhea
Acute diarrhea
Chronic diarrhea
5. Describe the significance of breakthrough CINV in the management of
cancer treatment.
Breakthrough CINV means that the patient should stop chemotherapy
immediately.
Breakthrough CINV indicates that the standard antiemetic regimen
is insufficient, requiring adjustments to improve patient comfort.
Breakthrough CINV shows that chemotherapy is ineffective in treating
cancer.
Breakthrough CINV is a sign that the patient is responding well to
treatment.
6. In a patient with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who has
developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors, which treatment option would
be most appropriate to consider next?
Tamoxifen
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
, Fulvestrant
7. Describe how anthracycline antitumor antibiotics affect cancer cells at the
molecular level.
They block the synthesis of nucleotides necessary for DNA replication.
Anthracycline antitumor antibiotics intercalate into DNA strands,
disrupting replication and transcription, and inhibit topoisomerase
II, leading to DNA damage.
They enhance the immune response against cancer cells by activating
T-cells.
They promote the repair of damaged DNA in cancer cells.
8. Why is neutropenic fever a significant concern in cancer patients undergoing
chemotherapy?
Neutropenic fever is only a concern if the patient has other underlying
health issues.
Neutropenic fever is a sign of successful chemotherapy treatment.
Neutropenic fever is not a concern as it usually resolves on its own.
Neutropenic fever is significant because it indicates a high risk of
infection due to low neutrophil counts, which can lead to severe
complications.
9. Describe how passive immunotherapy differs from active immunotherapy in
cancer treatment.
Passive immunotherapy uses pre-formed antibodies, while active
immunotherapy stimulates the immune system to generate its own
response.
, Passive immunotherapy requires more patient involvement than active
immunotherapy.
Passive immunotherapy is less effective than active immunotherapy in
all cases.
Passive immunotherapy is only used for specific types of cancer.
10. In a clinical scenario where a patient is experiencing hormone-sensitive
tumor growth, how would the administration of LHRH antagonists be
beneficial?
By increasing the levels of hormones that promote cell division.
By enhancing the immune response to the tumor.
By directly killing cancer cells.
By reducing the levels of hormones that stimulate tumor growth.
11. What is the function of targeted therapies in cancer treatment?
To kill tumor cells
To initiate apoptosis in tumor cells
To prevent DNA damage
To block tumor cell proliferation
12. Choose the MOA: Prevent LHRH from binding its receptors in the pituitary to
decrease LH secretion which stops testicular production of androgens
Androgen synthesis inhibitors
Anti androgens
LHRH agonists
LHRH antagonists
151 Questions & Answers | Verified Q&A
1. What is the primary function of CYP17 inhibitors in cancer treatment?
To enhance immune response against tumors.
To increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
To block the production of androgens.
To reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea.
2. Describe the role of alkylating agents in cancer treatment and how they
function at the cellular level.
Alkylating agents block the action of specific enzymes involved in
DNA replication.
Alkylating agents inhibit the synthesis of RNA, preventing protein
production.
Alkylating agents enhance the immune response against cancer cells.
Alkylating agents work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, leading to
DNA damage and cell death.
3. A patient experiences nausea and vomiting two days after receiving
chemotherapy. What type of CINV is this likely to be, and what management
strategies might be considered?
This is likely anticipatory CINV, requiring only psychological support.
This is likely acute CINV, and management would focus on dietary
changes only.
This is likely breakthrough CINV, which would not require any
additional treatment.
, This is likely delayed CINV, and management strategies may include
the use of antiemetic medications and hydration.
4. If a patient experiences diarrhea lasting for 10 days after starting
chemotherapy, what classification would this condition fall under?
Recurrent diarrhea
Persistent diarrhea
Acute diarrhea
Chronic diarrhea
5. Describe the significance of breakthrough CINV in the management of
cancer treatment.
Breakthrough CINV means that the patient should stop chemotherapy
immediately.
Breakthrough CINV indicates that the standard antiemetic regimen
is insufficient, requiring adjustments to improve patient comfort.
Breakthrough CINV shows that chemotherapy is ineffective in treating
cancer.
Breakthrough CINV is a sign that the patient is responding well to
treatment.
6. In a patient with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who has
developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors, which treatment option would
be most appropriate to consider next?
Tamoxifen
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
, Fulvestrant
7. Describe how anthracycline antitumor antibiotics affect cancer cells at the
molecular level.
They block the synthesis of nucleotides necessary for DNA replication.
Anthracycline antitumor antibiotics intercalate into DNA strands,
disrupting replication and transcription, and inhibit topoisomerase
II, leading to DNA damage.
They enhance the immune response against cancer cells by activating
T-cells.
They promote the repair of damaged DNA in cancer cells.
8. Why is neutropenic fever a significant concern in cancer patients undergoing
chemotherapy?
Neutropenic fever is only a concern if the patient has other underlying
health issues.
Neutropenic fever is a sign of successful chemotherapy treatment.
Neutropenic fever is not a concern as it usually resolves on its own.
Neutropenic fever is significant because it indicates a high risk of
infection due to low neutrophil counts, which can lead to severe
complications.
9. Describe how passive immunotherapy differs from active immunotherapy in
cancer treatment.
Passive immunotherapy uses pre-formed antibodies, while active
immunotherapy stimulates the immune system to generate its own
response.
, Passive immunotherapy requires more patient involvement than active
immunotherapy.
Passive immunotherapy is less effective than active immunotherapy in
all cases.
Passive immunotherapy is only used for specific types of cancer.
10. In a clinical scenario where a patient is experiencing hormone-sensitive
tumor growth, how would the administration of LHRH antagonists be
beneficial?
By increasing the levels of hormones that promote cell division.
By enhancing the immune response to the tumor.
By directly killing cancer cells.
By reducing the levels of hormones that stimulate tumor growth.
11. What is the function of targeted therapies in cancer treatment?
To kill tumor cells
To initiate apoptosis in tumor cells
To prevent DNA damage
To block tumor cell proliferation
12. Choose the MOA: Prevent LHRH from binding its receptors in the pituitary to
decrease LH secretion which stops testicular production of androgens
Androgen synthesis inhibitors
Anti androgens
LHRH agonists
LHRH antagonists
