BIOL 240 - UW - FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | COMPLETE 210 QS
1. Fungi
• Answer: Heterotrophic; cell walls of chitin; used to make bread, beer,
wine. Easy, cheap tool to study eukaryotic structures/gene expression
Rationale: Fungi are heterotrophic (absorb nutrients), have chitin cell walls,
and are economically important in fermentation. They serve as model
eukaryotes due to simple genetics and rapid growth.
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been heavily studied. It is the model organism for
what?
• Answer: Fungi
Rationale: S. cerevisiae (baker's yeast) is the most studied fungal model,
used for understanding cell cycle, genetics, and eukaryotic molecular
biology.
3. Fungi, Protozoa, and Slime Molds all use what type of metabolism?
• Answer: Heterotrophic
Rationale: These groups obtain carbon from organic compounds rather than
photosynthesis.
4. Algae uses what type of metabolism?
• Answer: Phototrophic
Rationale: Algae contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis to produce
organic carbon from CO₂.
5. Which of the following may have pseudopods and often do not have cell walls?
, • Answer: Protozoa and Slime Molds
Rationale: Both groups exhibit amoeboid movement via pseudopods; many
lack rigid cell walls, allowing shape changes.
6. Which of the following eukaryotes can be non-motile?
• Answer: Fungi and Algae
Rationale: Many fungi are sessile (filamentous growth) and many algae are
non-motile (e.g., diatoms), though some have flagellated stages.
7. Which of the following eukaryotes can have flagella?
• Answer: Protozoa and Algae
Rationale: Many protozoa (e.g., Trypanosoma) and motile algae (e.g.,
Chlamydomonas) possess flagella for locomotion.
8. Fungi – Chytridiomycota
• Answer: Early branching, "watermolds", Laurel Creek banks
Rationale: Chytrids are primitive fungi with flagellated zoospores, often
found in aquatic environments.
9. Fungi – Zygomycota
• Answer: Rhizopus, bread mold!, lab contamination
Rationale: Zygomycetes include common bread molds like Rhizopus
stolonifer, often seen as contaminants.
10. Fungi – Glomeromycota
• Answer: Mycorrhizal fungi. Extremely important for plants/trees.
Rationale: Glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae, essential for
nutrient uptake in most land plants.
,11. Fungi – Ascomycota
• Answer: Called "spore shooters", cup/sac fungi, yeast
Rationale: Ascomycetes produce ascospores in sac-like asci; includes
yeasts, morels, and many plant pathogens.
12. Fungi – Basidiomycota
• Answer: Called "spore droppers", "club fungi", traditional mushroom
producing fungi
Rationale: Basidiomycetes bear spores on club-shaped basidia; includes
most edible mushrooms and puffballs.
13. Protozoa
• Answer: As a whole, a (very) broad category. Some heterotrophic, some
photosynthetic. Variable cell walls and different motility strategies.
Different reproduction strategies
Rationale: Protozoa are diverse, unicellular eukaryotes with varied nutrition
(heterotrophic or mixotrophic), motility (flagella, cilia, pseudopods), and
life cycles.
14. Protozoa – Giardia lamblia
• Answer: Genetically "old", lacks mitochondria. Causes human disease
(Giardia infection, Beaver Fever). Uses fermentation metabolism
Rationale: Giardia is an amitochondriate protist that causes diarrheal
disease; it lacks classical mitochondria and relies on anaerobic
fermentation.
15. Slime Moulds – Model Organisms
• Answer: Dictyostelium discoideum – NOT still protozoan. Model for
studying ecology, cell motility, and cell-cell communication. Physarum –
Fuses many cells into a continuous, multinucleate giant cell
, Rationale: Dictyostelium is a cellular slime mold used to study development
and signaling; Physarum is a plasmodial slime mold with a giant syncytium.
16. Algae
• Answer: Many are multicellular. All are photosynthetic with cellulose
cell walls
Rationale: Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotes; most have cellulose cell
walls, and many (seaweeds) are multicellular.
17. Chlamydomonas
• Answer: The model organism for algae. Has a two-flagella form good for
studying eukaryotic flagella biogenesis/function. Durable and easy to
grow. Use an "eye" spot in the cell (little red spot) to detect light and
decide how close to sit to the waters surface
Rationale: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green alga with two flagella, an
eyespot for phototaxis, and is widely used in cell biology.
18. Replication of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
• Answer: Life cycles are more complicated due to haploid/diploid states.
Possibilities for sexual or asexual reproduction
Rationale: Eukaryotic microbes often alternate between haploid and diploid
phases, with both mitotic and meiotic divisions.
19. Mitosis
• Answer: Basic cell division that produces two identical cells from one
original cell
Rationale: Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells for growth
and asexual reproduction.
20. Meiosis
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | COMPLETE 210 QS
1. Fungi
• Answer: Heterotrophic; cell walls of chitin; used to make bread, beer,
wine. Easy, cheap tool to study eukaryotic structures/gene expression
Rationale: Fungi are heterotrophic (absorb nutrients), have chitin cell walls,
and are economically important in fermentation. They serve as model
eukaryotes due to simple genetics and rapid growth.
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been heavily studied. It is the model organism for
what?
• Answer: Fungi
Rationale: S. cerevisiae (baker's yeast) is the most studied fungal model,
used for understanding cell cycle, genetics, and eukaryotic molecular
biology.
3. Fungi, Protozoa, and Slime Molds all use what type of metabolism?
• Answer: Heterotrophic
Rationale: These groups obtain carbon from organic compounds rather than
photosynthesis.
4. Algae uses what type of metabolism?
• Answer: Phototrophic
Rationale: Algae contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis to produce
organic carbon from CO₂.
5. Which of the following may have pseudopods and often do not have cell walls?
, • Answer: Protozoa and Slime Molds
Rationale: Both groups exhibit amoeboid movement via pseudopods; many
lack rigid cell walls, allowing shape changes.
6. Which of the following eukaryotes can be non-motile?
• Answer: Fungi and Algae
Rationale: Many fungi are sessile (filamentous growth) and many algae are
non-motile (e.g., diatoms), though some have flagellated stages.
7. Which of the following eukaryotes can have flagella?
• Answer: Protozoa and Algae
Rationale: Many protozoa (e.g., Trypanosoma) and motile algae (e.g.,
Chlamydomonas) possess flagella for locomotion.
8. Fungi – Chytridiomycota
• Answer: Early branching, "watermolds", Laurel Creek banks
Rationale: Chytrids are primitive fungi with flagellated zoospores, often
found in aquatic environments.
9. Fungi – Zygomycota
• Answer: Rhizopus, bread mold!, lab contamination
Rationale: Zygomycetes include common bread molds like Rhizopus
stolonifer, often seen as contaminants.
10. Fungi – Glomeromycota
• Answer: Mycorrhizal fungi. Extremely important for plants/trees.
Rationale: Glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae, essential for
nutrient uptake in most land plants.
,11. Fungi – Ascomycota
• Answer: Called "spore shooters", cup/sac fungi, yeast
Rationale: Ascomycetes produce ascospores in sac-like asci; includes
yeasts, morels, and many plant pathogens.
12. Fungi – Basidiomycota
• Answer: Called "spore droppers", "club fungi", traditional mushroom
producing fungi
Rationale: Basidiomycetes bear spores on club-shaped basidia; includes
most edible mushrooms and puffballs.
13. Protozoa
• Answer: As a whole, a (very) broad category. Some heterotrophic, some
photosynthetic. Variable cell walls and different motility strategies.
Different reproduction strategies
Rationale: Protozoa are diverse, unicellular eukaryotes with varied nutrition
(heterotrophic or mixotrophic), motility (flagella, cilia, pseudopods), and
life cycles.
14. Protozoa – Giardia lamblia
• Answer: Genetically "old", lacks mitochondria. Causes human disease
(Giardia infection, Beaver Fever). Uses fermentation metabolism
Rationale: Giardia is an amitochondriate protist that causes diarrheal
disease; it lacks classical mitochondria and relies on anaerobic
fermentation.
15. Slime Moulds – Model Organisms
• Answer: Dictyostelium discoideum – NOT still protozoan. Model for
studying ecology, cell motility, and cell-cell communication. Physarum –
Fuses many cells into a continuous, multinucleate giant cell
, Rationale: Dictyostelium is a cellular slime mold used to study development
and signaling; Physarum is a plasmodial slime mold with a giant syncytium.
16. Algae
• Answer: Many are multicellular. All are photosynthetic with cellulose
cell walls
Rationale: Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotes; most have cellulose cell
walls, and many (seaweeds) are multicellular.
17. Chlamydomonas
• Answer: The model organism for algae. Has a two-flagella form good for
studying eukaryotic flagella biogenesis/function. Durable and easy to
grow. Use an "eye" spot in the cell (little red spot) to detect light and
decide how close to sit to the waters surface
Rationale: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green alga with two flagella, an
eyespot for phototaxis, and is widely used in cell biology.
18. Replication of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
• Answer: Life cycles are more complicated due to haploid/diploid states.
Possibilities for sexual or asexual reproduction
Rationale: Eukaryotic microbes often alternate between haploid and diploid
phases, with both mitotic and meiotic divisions.
19. Mitosis
• Answer: Basic cell division that produces two identical cells from one
original cell
Rationale: Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells for growth
and asexual reproduction.
20. Meiosis
