Complete Test Bank: Krause’s Food and
the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition
(Mahan) | Chapters 1-44 | Questions &
Answers with Rationales
Chapter 01: Intake: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the following nutrients?
a. Vitamins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Minerals
d. Alcohol
ANS: D
Rationale: The stomach is the site of digestion of small amounts of lipid and
protein. Large proteins are broken down into peptides. Otherwise, the stomach
breaks down food into smaller particles and passes it into the small intestine,
where absorption of all nutrients EXCEPT alcohol takes place. Alcohol is absorbed
through the stomach.
REF: p. 6
,2. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with
a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloric acid.
d. peptidases.
ANS: C
Rationale: Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and converted to its active form
by the acid environment of the stomach. Enterokinase is secreted by the brush
border of the small intestine in response to the presence of chyme. Trypsinogen is
secreted by the pancreas and activated by enterokinase. Various peptidases are
secreted by either the brush border or the pancreas.
REF: p. 7
3. Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?
a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin B₆
d. Niacin
ANS: A
Rationale: Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin B₁₂, thiamin, and riboflavin.
Vitamin D may be metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin D in the skin to
ultraviolet light. The human body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid
tryptophan. Vitamin B₆ must be obtained from dietary sources such as meats,
,whole grains, vegetables, and nuts.
REF: p. 10
4. After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional
complication is most likely to develop?
a. Changes in dietary habits
b. Impaired digestion
c. Loss of absorptive tissue
d. Elimination of dietary residue
ANS: C
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption because of
its large absorptive surface area. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas can still contribute to digestion of intestinal contents. However,
decreased absorption of nutrients and food components may result in more
intestinal remains and residue. A patient may change diet habits as a result of
gastrointestinal discomfort experienced after intestinal resection, but this is not a
functional complication.
REF: p. 8
5. The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the
gastric mucosa, resulting in the increased production of what?
a. Motilin
b. Hydrochloric acid
, c. Cholecystokinin
d. Secretin
ANS: B
Rationale: Parasympathetic innervation that causes release of hydrochloric acid
helps prepare the stomach for the potential of receiving food. After food chyme is
passed into the small intestine from the stomach, secretin and cholecystokinin are
secreted to stimulate pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate. They also
signal gallbladder contractions and colonic motility, resulting in reductions in
stomach emptying and duodenal motility. Motilin is secreted from the duodenal
mucosa during fasting to stimulate gastric emptying and intestinal motility.
REF: p. 5 | p. 7
6. If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability
to produce adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be
improved?
a. By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet
b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet
c. By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet
d. By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol
ANS: B
Rationale: Medium-chain fatty acids (8 to 12 carbons) can be absorbed directly by
mucosal cells without the presence of bile. Long-chain fatty acids require micelle
formation for absorption. Short-chain fatty acids result from bacterial
fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates and fibers. As bile is produced from
the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition
(Mahan) | Chapters 1-44 | Questions &
Answers with Rationales
Chapter 01: Intake: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the following nutrients?
a. Vitamins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Minerals
d. Alcohol
ANS: D
Rationale: The stomach is the site of digestion of small amounts of lipid and
protein. Large proteins are broken down into peptides. Otherwise, the stomach
breaks down food into smaller particles and passes it into the small intestine,
where absorption of all nutrients EXCEPT alcohol takes place. Alcohol is absorbed
through the stomach.
REF: p. 6
,2. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with
a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloric acid.
d. peptidases.
ANS: C
Rationale: Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and converted to its active form
by the acid environment of the stomach. Enterokinase is secreted by the brush
border of the small intestine in response to the presence of chyme. Trypsinogen is
secreted by the pancreas and activated by enterokinase. Various peptidases are
secreted by either the brush border or the pancreas.
REF: p. 7
3. Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?
a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin B₆
d. Niacin
ANS: A
Rationale: Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin B₁₂, thiamin, and riboflavin.
Vitamin D may be metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin D in the skin to
ultraviolet light. The human body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid
tryptophan. Vitamin B₆ must be obtained from dietary sources such as meats,
,whole grains, vegetables, and nuts.
REF: p. 10
4. After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional
complication is most likely to develop?
a. Changes in dietary habits
b. Impaired digestion
c. Loss of absorptive tissue
d. Elimination of dietary residue
ANS: C
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption because of
its large absorptive surface area. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas can still contribute to digestion of intestinal contents. However,
decreased absorption of nutrients and food components may result in more
intestinal remains and residue. A patient may change diet habits as a result of
gastrointestinal discomfort experienced after intestinal resection, but this is not a
functional complication.
REF: p. 8
5. The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the
gastric mucosa, resulting in the increased production of what?
a. Motilin
b. Hydrochloric acid
, c. Cholecystokinin
d. Secretin
ANS: B
Rationale: Parasympathetic innervation that causes release of hydrochloric acid
helps prepare the stomach for the potential of receiving food. After food chyme is
passed into the small intestine from the stomach, secretin and cholecystokinin are
secreted to stimulate pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate. They also
signal gallbladder contractions and colonic motility, resulting in reductions in
stomach emptying and duodenal motility. Motilin is secreted from the duodenal
mucosa during fasting to stimulate gastric emptying and intestinal motility.
REF: p. 5 | p. 7
6. If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability
to produce adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be
improved?
a. By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet
b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet
c. By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet
d. By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol
ANS: B
Rationale: Medium-chain fatty acids (8 to 12 carbons) can be absorbed directly by
mucosal cells without the presence of bile. Long-chain fatty acids require micelle
formation for absorption. Short-chain fatty acids result from bacterial
fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates and fibers. As bile is produced from
