DMS 211 Final Exam 2026 – Advanced Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Comprehensive Study Guide
The left lobe of the liver is separated from the right lobe by:
Main lobar fissure
Middle hepatic vein
Two of the above
None of the above - correct answer ✔✔ Two of the above
Select the vessel that does not supply blood to the liver:
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery - correct answer ✔✔ Splenic artery
Patient presents with high levels of total bilirubin. What is the sonographer looking for? -
correct answer ✔✔ Gallstones
As you wait for your patient to arrive, you read through her chart and notice that she has a very
high level of amylase. Bringing her into your scan room, you question her and learn that she's
been experiencing nausea and epigastric pain for the past 10 hours. What is a likely diagnosis? -
correct answer ✔✔ Acute pancreatitis
The liver, biliary tree, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, and part of the duodenum all develop
from endodermal cells arising from the _______. - correct answer ✔✔ Foregut
True or false: The mesonephros are the version of the embryologic kidneys that continue
beyond the embryologic period, and remain postnatally as the final, fully developed kidneys. -
correct answer ✔✔ False
,Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the ______. - correct answer ✔✔ Pituitary gland
The left lobe of the liver is divided into: - correct answer ✔✔ Lateral and medial segments
Budd Chiari syndrome is an uncommon illness caused by thrombosis of the ______ veins or the
______. - correct answer ✔✔ Hepatic; IVC
You are taking a patient history prior to performing a liver ultrasound for pain and your patient
mentions that her illness began after returning from a vacation in a warmer climate. What
pathology would be part of a differential diagnosis you would consider? - correct answer ✔✔
Amebic liver abscess
Patient Chang has suffered from primary biliary Cirrhosis for decades. You are reading up on her
history before bringing her into your scan room, and see from her order that a complete
abdomen scan has been ordered. What might your scan demonstrate, given her history? -
correct answer ✔✔ Course liver texture, enlarged spleen, ascites, recanalized umbilical vein
Your scan of Lunai Margais this morning demonstrated, low-level internal echoes layering in the
dependent part of the GB with changes in patient position. Additionally, her GB appeared
somewhat prominent in size. Which of the following are in the differential diagnosis of Ms.
Margais' sonogram? - correct answer ✔✔ Sludge, empyema of gallbladder, hemobilia
A ______ gallbladder is a rare occurrence that is defined as calcium incrustation of the
gallbladder wall. - correct answer ✔✔ Porcelain
A serious painful complication of acute cholecystitis that may lead to perforation is ______
cholecystitis. - correct answer ✔✔ Gangrenous
, Your clinical instructor tells you that the patient has a positive Murphy's sign. What is she
referring to? - correct answer ✔✔ Tenderness when you scan over the gallbladder
______ in the neck of the gallbladder help to prevent kinking of the duct. - correct answer ✔✔
Spiral valves of Heister
Cholesterol polyps are small, smooth, ovoid wall projections seen to arise from the gallbladder
wall. The polyps usually are multiple, do not shadow, and remain fixed to the wall with changes
in patient position. The _______ artifact may be present, emanating from the cholesterol
polyps, and this may be indistinguishable from adenomyomatosis. - correct answer ✔✔ Comet-
tail
The common hepatic duct with an internal diameter greater than ______ is considered
abnormal and requires further investigation. - correct answer ✔✔ 4mm
Biliary trauma secondary to percutaneous biliary procedures of liver biopsies accounts for the
majority of _______ cases. - correct answer ✔✔ Hemobilia
Cholangitis is an inflammation of the _______. - correct answer ✔✔ Bile ducts
_______ is a specific type of cholangiocarcinoma that can occur at the bifurcation of the
common hepatic duct, with involvement of both the central left and right duct. - correct answer
✔✔ Klatskin's tumor
Sonographic characteristics of pancreatic pseudocysts include all of the following except:
Increased through transmission
Thick walls
Low level echoes
Hyperechoic with shadow - correct answer ✔✔ Hyperechoic with shadow
Comprehensive Study Guide
The left lobe of the liver is separated from the right lobe by:
Main lobar fissure
Middle hepatic vein
Two of the above
None of the above - correct answer ✔✔ Two of the above
Select the vessel that does not supply blood to the liver:
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery - correct answer ✔✔ Splenic artery
Patient presents with high levels of total bilirubin. What is the sonographer looking for? -
correct answer ✔✔ Gallstones
As you wait for your patient to arrive, you read through her chart and notice that she has a very
high level of amylase. Bringing her into your scan room, you question her and learn that she's
been experiencing nausea and epigastric pain for the past 10 hours. What is a likely diagnosis? -
correct answer ✔✔ Acute pancreatitis
The liver, biliary tree, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, and part of the duodenum all develop
from endodermal cells arising from the _______. - correct answer ✔✔ Foregut
True or false: The mesonephros are the version of the embryologic kidneys that continue
beyond the embryologic period, and remain postnatally as the final, fully developed kidneys. -
correct answer ✔✔ False
,Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the ______. - correct answer ✔✔ Pituitary gland
The left lobe of the liver is divided into: - correct answer ✔✔ Lateral and medial segments
Budd Chiari syndrome is an uncommon illness caused by thrombosis of the ______ veins or the
______. - correct answer ✔✔ Hepatic; IVC
You are taking a patient history prior to performing a liver ultrasound for pain and your patient
mentions that her illness began after returning from a vacation in a warmer climate. What
pathology would be part of a differential diagnosis you would consider? - correct answer ✔✔
Amebic liver abscess
Patient Chang has suffered from primary biliary Cirrhosis for decades. You are reading up on her
history before bringing her into your scan room, and see from her order that a complete
abdomen scan has been ordered. What might your scan demonstrate, given her history? -
correct answer ✔✔ Course liver texture, enlarged spleen, ascites, recanalized umbilical vein
Your scan of Lunai Margais this morning demonstrated, low-level internal echoes layering in the
dependent part of the GB with changes in patient position. Additionally, her GB appeared
somewhat prominent in size. Which of the following are in the differential diagnosis of Ms.
Margais' sonogram? - correct answer ✔✔ Sludge, empyema of gallbladder, hemobilia
A ______ gallbladder is a rare occurrence that is defined as calcium incrustation of the
gallbladder wall. - correct answer ✔✔ Porcelain
A serious painful complication of acute cholecystitis that may lead to perforation is ______
cholecystitis. - correct answer ✔✔ Gangrenous
, Your clinical instructor tells you that the patient has a positive Murphy's sign. What is she
referring to? - correct answer ✔✔ Tenderness when you scan over the gallbladder
______ in the neck of the gallbladder help to prevent kinking of the duct. - correct answer ✔✔
Spiral valves of Heister
Cholesterol polyps are small, smooth, ovoid wall projections seen to arise from the gallbladder
wall. The polyps usually are multiple, do not shadow, and remain fixed to the wall with changes
in patient position. The _______ artifact may be present, emanating from the cholesterol
polyps, and this may be indistinguishable from adenomyomatosis. - correct answer ✔✔ Comet-
tail
The common hepatic duct with an internal diameter greater than ______ is considered
abnormal and requires further investigation. - correct answer ✔✔ 4mm
Biliary trauma secondary to percutaneous biliary procedures of liver biopsies accounts for the
majority of _______ cases. - correct answer ✔✔ Hemobilia
Cholangitis is an inflammation of the _______. - correct answer ✔✔ Bile ducts
_______ is a specific type of cholangiocarcinoma that can occur at the bifurcation of the
common hepatic duct, with involvement of both the central left and right duct. - correct answer
✔✔ Klatskin's tumor
Sonographic characteristics of pancreatic pseudocysts include all of the following except:
Increased through transmission
Thick walls
Low level echoes
Hyperechoic with shadow - correct answer ✔✔ Hyperechoic with shadow
