DMS 212 Exam #1 Review 2026 – Advanced Diagnostic Medical Sonography Concepts and
Imaging Study Guide
You are scanning a patient and notice that the right and left kidneys are attached at their lower
poles. What anomaly is present? - correct answer ✔✔ Presents Horseshoe Kidney
During a routine renal ultrasound, you are suspicious of increased echogenicity of the kidneys.
Which of the following best describes the normal echogenicity of the renal cortex? - correct
answer ✔✔ the normal kidney echogenicity is frequently isoechoic with the liver and spleen
Which of the following renal masses would most likely cause a speed propagation artifact? -
correct answer ✔✔ angiomyolipoma
You are performing a sonogram on a patient with bilaterally small kidneys. What is the normal
range in size for a kidney? - correct answer ✔✔ 9-12 cm (9-14)
During a renal sonogram, you notice a 1.5 cm thickening of the left lateral renal cortex. This
most likely represents: - correct answer ✔✔ Represents Dromedary Hump
You have detected compensatory hypertrophy of the right kidney in a 35- year-old male. This
finding is associated with which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔ (nephrectomy, renal
agenesis, renal hypoplasia & renal atrophy)
all of the above
Which of following statements is NOT TRUE regarding normal anatomy of the kidneys? - correct
answer ✔✔ the tail of the pancreas is in contact with the lateral dorsal aspect of the left kidney
What is the normal appearance of the central sinus of the kidney? - correct answer ✔✔ highly
echogenic compared to the renal cortex
, You are performing an ultrasound on a patient with suspected renal failure. What lab work is
elevated with renal failure? - correct answer ✔✔ The Serum Creatinine
A patient is referred from x-ray with a questionable left renal cyst. What are the sonographic
criteria of a simple cyst? - correct answer ✔✔ anechoic, acoustic enhancement, sharply defined
smooth far wall, round or ovoid in shape
A questionable mass is seen between the renal pyramids on the right kidney. You suspect this is
a column of Bertin "pseudomass". Which of the following sonographic features helps distinguish
this from a true pathologic mass? - correct answer ✔✔ (isoechogenicity with the rest of the
renal cortex,
continuity of the renal cortex,
lack of mass effect or splaying of central renal sinus fat,
normal vascularity by color Doppler)
all of the above
You are performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with crossed renal ectopia. Which of the
following describes your findings? - correct answer ✔✔ Both kidneys are on the same side of
the abdomen
Which part of the kidney contains fat, calyces, collecting system, and vessels? - correct answer
✔✔ The Sinus
.During routine surveillance of the urinary bladder, you detect the presence of periodic ureteral
jets. This is a sign of - correct answer ✔✔ normality
What preparation should you require of your patients scheduled for renal sonograms? - correct
answer ✔✔ moderate hydration with not other specific preparation
Imaging Study Guide
You are scanning a patient and notice that the right and left kidneys are attached at their lower
poles. What anomaly is present? - correct answer ✔✔ Presents Horseshoe Kidney
During a routine renal ultrasound, you are suspicious of increased echogenicity of the kidneys.
Which of the following best describes the normal echogenicity of the renal cortex? - correct
answer ✔✔ the normal kidney echogenicity is frequently isoechoic with the liver and spleen
Which of the following renal masses would most likely cause a speed propagation artifact? -
correct answer ✔✔ angiomyolipoma
You are performing a sonogram on a patient with bilaterally small kidneys. What is the normal
range in size for a kidney? - correct answer ✔✔ 9-12 cm (9-14)
During a renal sonogram, you notice a 1.5 cm thickening of the left lateral renal cortex. This
most likely represents: - correct answer ✔✔ Represents Dromedary Hump
You have detected compensatory hypertrophy of the right kidney in a 35- year-old male. This
finding is associated with which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔ (nephrectomy, renal
agenesis, renal hypoplasia & renal atrophy)
all of the above
Which of following statements is NOT TRUE regarding normal anatomy of the kidneys? - correct
answer ✔✔ the tail of the pancreas is in contact with the lateral dorsal aspect of the left kidney
What is the normal appearance of the central sinus of the kidney? - correct answer ✔✔ highly
echogenic compared to the renal cortex
, You are performing an ultrasound on a patient with suspected renal failure. What lab work is
elevated with renal failure? - correct answer ✔✔ The Serum Creatinine
A patient is referred from x-ray with a questionable left renal cyst. What are the sonographic
criteria of a simple cyst? - correct answer ✔✔ anechoic, acoustic enhancement, sharply defined
smooth far wall, round or ovoid in shape
A questionable mass is seen between the renal pyramids on the right kidney. You suspect this is
a column of Bertin "pseudomass". Which of the following sonographic features helps distinguish
this from a true pathologic mass? - correct answer ✔✔ (isoechogenicity with the rest of the
renal cortex,
continuity of the renal cortex,
lack of mass effect or splaying of central renal sinus fat,
normal vascularity by color Doppler)
all of the above
You are performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with crossed renal ectopia. Which of the
following describes your findings? - correct answer ✔✔ Both kidneys are on the same side of
the abdomen
Which part of the kidney contains fat, calyces, collecting system, and vessels? - correct answer
✔✔ The Sinus
.During routine surveillance of the urinary bladder, you detect the presence of periodic ureteral
jets. This is a sign of - correct answer ✔✔ normality
What preparation should you require of your patients scheduled for renal sonograms? - correct
answer ✔✔ moderate hydration with not other specific preparation
