DMS 211 Exam 1 Study Guide 2026 – Advanced Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Comprehensive Review
What is achalasia? - correct answer ✔✔ condition where the lower esophageal sphincter does
not relax
What is appendicolith? - correct answer ✔✔ fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal
lumen
What is McBurney point? - correct answer ✔✔ point over the right side of the abdomen that is
one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus
What is peritonitis? - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the covering of the peritoneum which
covers and supports abdominal organs
What is peristalsis? - correct answer ✔✔ rhythmic dilatation and contraction that propels the
contents of the gastrointestinal tract
What is a polp? - correct answer ✔✔ growth on a stalk protruding from mucous memebranes
What is the gastrointestinal tract also known as? - correct answer ✔✔ alimentary canal
What structures are included in the gastrointestinal tract (GI)? - correct answer ✔✔ lips, mouth,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix and colon
What two broad classes of sonographic examinations are performed on the GI tract? - correct
answer ✔✔ transabdominal and endoluminal
, Which sonography is the traditional method which is often used as a screening procedure to
evaluate abdominal or pelvic pain and cause of fever, rebound tenderness, and palpable
abdominal mass - correct answer ✔✔ transabdominal
What are the 5 layers of the bowel wall from interior to exterior? - correct answer ✔✔ 1.
hyperechoic inner layer represents the border between the digestive fluid and the mucosa,
2. hypoechoic layer, commonly thin, represents the mucosa, lamina propria, lamina muscularis
3. hyperechoic layer the submucosa
4. hypoechoic layer, the muscular layer, its thickness depends upon the segment of the digestive
tract
5. an outer hyperechoic layer, the erous layer, the border to the peridigestive fat
How is the sonographic structure of the bowel usually described as? - correct answer ✔✔ five
layers: three echogenic layers separated by two hypoechoic ones
What is the most common esophageal cancers? - correct answer ✔✔ squamous cell carcinoma
What is the least common esophageal cancers? - correct answer ✔✔ adenocarinoma
Where is squamous cell carcinoma usually found in the esophagus? - correct answer ✔✔
common in the upper and mid esophagus
Where is adenocarcinoma located in the esophagus? - correct answer ✔✔ distal portion of the
esophagus
What are the few special sonographic techniques that are occasionally helpful in viewing the
stomach? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. giving the patient a few sips of water through a straw
produces a sparkling or swirling pattern in the stomach as the water flows.
Comprehensive Review
What is achalasia? - correct answer ✔✔ condition where the lower esophageal sphincter does
not relax
What is appendicolith? - correct answer ✔✔ fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal
lumen
What is McBurney point? - correct answer ✔✔ point over the right side of the abdomen that is
one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus
What is peritonitis? - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the covering of the peritoneum which
covers and supports abdominal organs
What is peristalsis? - correct answer ✔✔ rhythmic dilatation and contraction that propels the
contents of the gastrointestinal tract
What is a polp? - correct answer ✔✔ growth on a stalk protruding from mucous memebranes
What is the gastrointestinal tract also known as? - correct answer ✔✔ alimentary canal
What structures are included in the gastrointestinal tract (GI)? - correct answer ✔✔ lips, mouth,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix and colon
What two broad classes of sonographic examinations are performed on the GI tract? - correct
answer ✔✔ transabdominal and endoluminal
, Which sonography is the traditional method which is often used as a screening procedure to
evaluate abdominal or pelvic pain and cause of fever, rebound tenderness, and palpable
abdominal mass - correct answer ✔✔ transabdominal
What are the 5 layers of the bowel wall from interior to exterior? - correct answer ✔✔ 1.
hyperechoic inner layer represents the border between the digestive fluid and the mucosa,
2. hypoechoic layer, commonly thin, represents the mucosa, lamina propria, lamina muscularis
3. hyperechoic layer the submucosa
4. hypoechoic layer, the muscular layer, its thickness depends upon the segment of the digestive
tract
5. an outer hyperechoic layer, the erous layer, the border to the peridigestive fat
How is the sonographic structure of the bowel usually described as? - correct answer ✔✔ five
layers: three echogenic layers separated by two hypoechoic ones
What is the most common esophageal cancers? - correct answer ✔✔ squamous cell carcinoma
What is the least common esophageal cancers? - correct answer ✔✔ adenocarinoma
Where is squamous cell carcinoma usually found in the esophagus? - correct answer ✔✔
common in the upper and mid esophagus
Where is adenocarcinoma located in the esophagus? - correct answer ✔✔ distal portion of the
esophagus
What are the few special sonographic techniques that are occasionally helpful in viewing the
stomach? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. giving the patient a few sips of water through a straw
produces a sparkling or swirling pattern in the stomach as the water flows.
