NR 324-Exam 1 Fluid and Electrolytes and Respiratory Study Review
1. paO2 80-100 mm Hg
2. pH 7.35-7.45
3. low pH acidic
4. high pH alkalosis
5. pa CO2 35-45 mm Hg
6. HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
7. respiratory acidosis low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
8. causes of respiratory respiratory depression from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial
acidosis pressure, airway obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary dittusion
like pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
9. signs/symptoms of res- hypoventilation (hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP,
piratory acidosis skin/mucous pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias,
drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia
10. Nursing management ventilator, arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions,
of respiratory acidosis high-dose oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote the
release of CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high fowlers
position, clear respiratory secretions, colors of skin, mucous membranes
11. respiratory alkalosis high pH, low co2 and normal bicarbonate
12. causes of respiratory high pH, low co2 and hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary em-
alkalosis boli, hypoxia, fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
13. signs/symptoms of res- seizures, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease
piratory alkalosis BP, hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities, lethargy/confusion,
light headedness, N/V
,NR 324-Exam 1 Fluid and Electrolytes and Respiratory Study Review
14. nursing management kidneys retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives,
of respiratory alkalosis monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+ levels/ECG
levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
15. metabolic acidosis low ph, normal co2 and low bicarbonate
16. metabolic acidosis compensatory hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, de-
signs/symptoms creased BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin, N/D/V,
changes in LOC,
17. causes of metabolic low ph/low bicarbonate, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe di-
acidosis arrhea, and renal failure
18. what goes up in acido- potassium
sis
19. metabolic acidosis BUN, creatinine, hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
nursing management turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes down,
weights, vitals
20. metabolic alkalosis high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
21. causes of metabolic al- high ph, high bicarb and severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning, di-
kalosis uretics, and excessive NaHCO3
22. metabolic alkalosis restlessness (lethargy), confusion, dizzy, irritable, dysrhythmias, com-
signs/symptoms pensatory hypoventilation, N/V/D, tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of
fingers and toes, dehydration
23. metabolic alkalosis monitor ECG's, ABG's for pH, K, Ca levels, LOC checks for tetany, tremors,
nursing management muscle cramps, tingling,
24. metabolic acidosis
, what is hyperkalemia
frequently associated
with
25. what is a compen- decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and kidney excretion
satory mechanism for of bicarbonate
metabolic alkalosis
26. excessive intake caus- rapid oral ingestion of water, infusions of D5%W hypotonic fluid at excess,
es massive replacement of water without NA
27. decreased output renal failure
causes
28. fluid volume excess heart failure, water intoxication, liver cirrhosis, SIADH, lung cancer, renal
causes failure, primary polydipsia, long term use of cortiosteroids
29. fluid volume excess headache, JVD, increased weight, edema, ascites, elevated blood pres-
clinical manifestations sure, crackles in lungs, confusion, decreased urine specific gravity, pitting
edema, high BP, presence of s3, tachycardia, bounding pulse, changes in
LOC, seizures, low pulse ox (below 89%), seizures, coma, muscle spasms,
dyspnea
30. fluid volume excess frequent respiratory assessments and LOC, watch for edema, cardiovas-
nursing management cular checks, daily weights, fluid restriction, measure intake and output,
decrease sodium intake, diuretics
31. fluid volume deficit elderly, profuse sweating, v/d, NG tubes, trauma r/t bleeding, pts NPO,
population AMS, surgical patients, laxativies, diruetics
32. fluid volume deficit water loss, perspiration, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis, hemor-
causes rhage, GI losses like vomiting, NG suctioning, diarrhea, fistula drainage,
overuse of diuretics, inadequate fluid intake, third space shifts, burns,
intestinal obstruction
1. paO2 80-100 mm Hg
2. pH 7.35-7.45
3. low pH acidic
4. high pH alkalosis
5. pa CO2 35-45 mm Hg
6. HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
7. respiratory acidosis low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
8. causes of respiratory respiratory depression from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial
acidosis pressure, airway obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary dittusion
like pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
9. signs/symptoms of res- hypoventilation (hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP,
piratory acidosis skin/mucous pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias,
drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia
10. Nursing management ventilator, arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions,
of respiratory acidosis high-dose oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote the
release of CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high fowlers
position, clear respiratory secretions, colors of skin, mucous membranes
11. respiratory alkalosis high pH, low co2 and normal bicarbonate
12. causes of respiratory high pH, low co2 and hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary em-
alkalosis boli, hypoxia, fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
13. signs/symptoms of res- seizures, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease
piratory alkalosis BP, hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities, lethargy/confusion,
light headedness, N/V
,NR 324-Exam 1 Fluid and Electrolytes and Respiratory Study Review
14. nursing management kidneys retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives,
of respiratory alkalosis monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+ levels/ECG
levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
15. metabolic acidosis low ph, normal co2 and low bicarbonate
16. metabolic acidosis compensatory hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, de-
signs/symptoms creased BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin, N/D/V,
changes in LOC,
17. causes of metabolic low ph/low bicarbonate, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe di-
acidosis arrhea, and renal failure
18. what goes up in acido- potassium
sis
19. metabolic acidosis BUN, creatinine, hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
nursing management turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes down,
weights, vitals
20. metabolic alkalosis high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
21. causes of metabolic al- high ph, high bicarb and severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning, di-
kalosis uretics, and excessive NaHCO3
22. metabolic alkalosis restlessness (lethargy), confusion, dizzy, irritable, dysrhythmias, com-
signs/symptoms pensatory hypoventilation, N/V/D, tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of
fingers and toes, dehydration
23. metabolic alkalosis monitor ECG's, ABG's for pH, K, Ca levels, LOC checks for tetany, tremors,
nursing management muscle cramps, tingling,
24. metabolic acidosis
, what is hyperkalemia
frequently associated
with
25. what is a compen- decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and kidney excretion
satory mechanism for of bicarbonate
metabolic alkalosis
26. excessive intake caus- rapid oral ingestion of water, infusions of D5%W hypotonic fluid at excess,
es massive replacement of water without NA
27. decreased output renal failure
causes
28. fluid volume excess heart failure, water intoxication, liver cirrhosis, SIADH, lung cancer, renal
causes failure, primary polydipsia, long term use of cortiosteroids
29. fluid volume excess headache, JVD, increased weight, edema, ascites, elevated blood pres-
clinical manifestations sure, crackles in lungs, confusion, decreased urine specific gravity, pitting
edema, high BP, presence of s3, tachycardia, bounding pulse, changes in
LOC, seizures, low pulse ox (below 89%), seizures, coma, muscle spasms,
dyspnea
30. fluid volume excess frequent respiratory assessments and LOC, watch for edema, cardiovas-
nursing management cular checks, daily weights, fluid restriction, measure intake and output,
decrease sodium intake, diuretics
31. fluid volume deficit elderly, profuse sweating, v/d, NG tubes, trauma r/t bleeding, pts NPO,
population AMS, surgical patients, laxativies, diruetics
32. fluid volume deficit water loss, perspiration, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis, hemor-
causes rhage, GI losses like vomiting, NG suctioning, diarrhea, fistula drainage,
overuse of diuretics, inadequate fluid intake, third space shifts, burns,
intestinal obstruction
