IPHY 2420 Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
RDA for protein - CORRECT ANSWER .8 g protein/kg of body weight/day
How much of daily intake should be from protein? - CORRECT ANSWER 10-35%
What groups of people are at risk for low protein intake? - CORRECT ANSWER distance
runners, figure skaters, female gymnasts, wrestlers
Who are people that need more protein? - CORRECT ANSWER children, adolescents, pregnant
or lactating women, athletes, vegetarians, vegans
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER large, complex molecules found in the cells of all living
things; critical components of all tissues in the human body
Protein functions - CORRECT ANSWER Metabolism, immunity, fluid balance, nutrient
transport, can provide energy (4kcal/gram)
-Contain a special form of nitrogen that the body can use
Amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER building blocks of proteins, each AA is attached together
by a peptide bond
Essential Amino Acids - CORRECT ANSWER cannot be produced in body, must be obtained
by food, 9 out of 20 AA are essential
Nonessential Amino Acids - CORRECT ANSWER can be made by our bodies, also get from
diet
Transamination - CORRECT ANSWER When one body converts one amino acid to the other
2 AA-dipeptide
4-9 AA- oligopeptide
,Where do we get amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER From food and the breakdown of cells;
contributes to the amino acid pool
Synthesis process of proteins: - CORRECT ANSWER -synthesis of non protein compounds
that contain nitrogen, including creatinine and serotonin
-synthesis of body proteins such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies and various components of cells
-synthesis of fat from amino acid carbon skeletons, this can be stored through adipose tissue
-synthesis of glucose from amino acid carbon skeleton
What does the synthesis process of protein release? - CORRECT ANSWER Nitrogen in the
form of free ammonia, used to synthesize urea in the liver, this is then excreted as urine
Four levels of protein structure: - CORRECT ANSWER -primary structure: sequential order of
amino acids
-secondary structure: spiral structure due to chemical bonding between amino acids
-tertiary and quarternary structure: further folding into a unique 3-D shape that may be globular or
fibrous
Proteins lose shape when subjected to: - CORRECT ANSWER Heat, acids and bases, heavy
metals, alcohol
What does protein denaturation result in? - CORRECT ANSWER Loss in protein function
Sickle cell anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Red blood cells are crescent rather than disc shaped;
is the denaturation of proteins by changing one amino acid in the chain
Complete protein - CORRECT ANSWER Contains sufficient amounts of all 9 essential amino
acids; considered "high quality", mostly animal proteins exceptions are soy, quinoa and chia
Incomplete protein - CORRECT ANSWER does not contain all 9 essential amino acids in
sufficient qualities; growth and health are compromised because some proteins cannot be synthesized;
low quality, plant proteins, limiting amino acids
, Complementary proteins - CORRECT ANSWER 2 incomplete protein sources, together supply
all 9 essential amino acids {beans and rice}
Mutual Supplementation - CORRECT ANSWER the act of combining complementary proteins
to make a complete protein
Protein functions: - CORRECT ANSWER -cell growth, repair and maintenance
-fluid and electrolyte balance
-ph balance
-energy source: by deamination
-transport and storage of nutrients
-compounds such as fribrin and collagen
-proteins can be: enzymes, hormones, antibodies to protect against disease, neurotransmitters
Protein mouth digestion - CORRECT ANSWER proteins in foods are crushed by chewing and
moistened by saliva
Protein stomach digestion - CORRECT ANSWER proteins are denatured by hcl, pepsin is
activated by hcl, pepsin breaks proteins into single aas and smaller polypeptides
Protein small intestine digestion - CORRECT ANSWER pancreas produces proteases which are
released into small intestine, proteases digest polypeptides into di and tripeptides into single aas,
which are absorbed into blood
Protein liver digestion - CORRECT ANSWER aas transported here; can be used for energy,
build proteins and sent to different cells as needed
High quality protein - CORRECT ANSWER highly digestible
-90% of AA digested: animal protein sources (meat, dairy) and soy products
-70-80% legumes
CORRECT ANSWERS
RDA for protein - CORRECT ANSWER .8 g protein/kg of body weight/day
How much of daily intake should be from protein? - CORRECT ANSWER 10-35%
What groups of people are at risk for low protein intake? - CORRECT ANSWER distance
runners, figure skaters, female gymnasts, wrestlers
Who are people that need more protein? - CORRECT ANSWER children, adolescents, pregnant
or lactating women, athletes, vegetarians, vegans
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER large, complex molecules found in the cells of all living
things; critical components of all tissues in the human body
Protein functions - CORRECT ANSWER Metabolism, immunity, fluid balance, nutrient
transport, can provide energy (4kcal/gram)
-Contain a special form of nitrogen that the body can use
Amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER building blocks of proteins, each AA is attached together
by a peptide bond
Essential Amino Acids - CORRECT ANSWER cannot be produced in body, must be obtained
by food, 9 out of 20 AA are essential
Nonessential Amino Acids - CORRECT ANSWER can be made by our bodies, also get from
diet
Transamination - CORRECT ANSWER When one body converts one amino acid to the other
2 AA-dipeptide
4-9 AA- oligopeptide
,Where do we get amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER From food and the breakdown of cells;
contributes to the amino acid pool
Synthesis process of proteins: - CORRECT ANSWER -synthesis of non protein compounds
that contain nitrogen, including creatinine and serotonin
-synthesis of body proteins such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies and various components of cells
-synthesis of fat from amino acid carbon skeletons, this can be stored through adipose tissue
-synthesis of glucose from amino acid carbon skeleton
What does the synthesis process of protein release? - CORRECT ANSWER Nitrogen in the
form of free ammonia, used to synthesize urea in the liver, this is then excreted as urine
Four levels of protein structure: - CORRECT ANSWER -primary structure: sequential order of
amino acids
-secondary structure: spiral structure due to chemical bonding between amino acids
-tertiary and quarternary structure: further folding into a unique 3-D shape that may be globular or
fibrous
Proteins lose shape when subjected to: - CORRECT ANSWER Heat, acids and bases, heavy
metals, alcohol
What does protein denaturation result in? - CORRECT ANSWER Loss in protein function
Sickle cell anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Red blood cells are crescent rather than disc shaped;
is the denaturation of proteins by changing one amino acid in the chain
Complete protein - CORRECT ANSWER Contains sufficient amounts of all 9 essential amino
acids; considered "high quality", mostly animal proteins exceptions are soy, quinoa and chia
Incomplete protein - CORRECT ANSWER does not contain all 9 essential amino acids in
sufficient qualities; growth and health are compromised because some proteins cannot be synthesized;
low quality, plant proteins, limiting amino acids
, Complementary proteins - CORRECT ANSWER 2 incomplete protein sources, together supply
all 9 essential amino acids {beans and rice}
Mutual Supplementation - CORRECT ANSWER the act of combining complementary proteins
to make a complete protein
Protein functions: - CORRECT ANSWER -cell growth, repair and maintenance
-fluid and electrolyte balance
-ph balance
-energy source: by deamination
-transport and storage of nutrients
-compounds such as fribrin and collagen
-proteins can be: enzymes, hormones, antibodies to protect against disease, neurotransmitters
Protein mouth digestion - CORRECT ANSWER proteins in foods are crushed by chewing and
moistened by saliva
Protein stomach digestion - CORRECT ANSWER proteins are denatured by hcl, pepsin is
activated by hcl, pepsin breaks proteins into single aas and smaller polypeptides
Protein small intestine digestion - CORRECT ANSWER pancreas produces proteases which are
released into small intestine, proteases digest polypeptides into di and tripeptides into single aas,
which are absorbed into blood
Protein liver digestion - CORRECT ANSWER aas transported here; can be used for energy,
build proteins and sent to different cells as needed
High quality protein - CORRECT ANSWER highly digestible
-90% of AA digested: animal protein sources (meat, dairy) and soy products
-70-80% legumes
